Integration of sensing networks into laminated composites

We summarize the methodology that we have used to address integrating sensing network into composite materials for structural self diagnosis. First, we have examined the effect of stress concentration that arises due to the embedment of sensors and external devices on the strength and endurance of laminated glass fiber composites. To analyze the mechanical response of the composite material under study subjected to in-plane or impact loads, we have fabricated a series of samples, with and without embedded (dummy) sensors/micro-processors, using S2 glass fiber/epoxy, and have characterized their response by acoustic emission. Guided by the corresponding results, we can select sensors and other necessary components in such way as to minimize the impact of the embedded electronics on the material integrity and, at the same time, to implement acoustic sensing monitoring functionalities within the material. A 4-tree hierarchical network of PVDF sensors capable of acquiring signals typically related to resin micro cracking phenomena has been developed and partially integrated into a cross ply laminate. The achieved results and ongoing research will be discussed.