Affectionate communication in nonromantic relationships: Influences of communicator, relational, and contextual factors

Despite its importance for healthy relational development, the overt communication of affection is inherently risk‐laden and subject to normative expectancies for appropriateness. The present study examines a number of individual, relational, and contextual factors that individually and collectively influence the perceived appropriateness of communicating affection in nonromantic dyadic relationships. An experiment involving 386 subjects was conducted to assess the influence of biological sex, sex composition, relational type, and the privacy and emotional intensity of interactive contexts. Predictions regarding their influence were substantially supported.

[1]  K. Floyd,et al.  “I Love You, Man”: Overt Expressions of Affection in Male Male Interaction , 1998 .

[2]  Kory Floyd,et al.  Brotherly love II: A developmental perspective on liking, love, and closeness in the fraternal dyad , 1997 .

[3]  K. Floyd,et al.  Brotherly love I: The experience of closeness in the fraternal dyad , 1996 .

[4]  V. Bedford,et al.  Relationships between adult siblings , 1996 .

[5]  J. M. Kayany,et al.  Relational Control and Interactive Media Choice in Technology-Mediated Communication Situations. , 1996 .

[6]  K. Floyd,et al.  Communicating closeness among siblings: An application of the gendered closeness perspective , 1996 .

[7]  Malcolm R. Parks,et al.  Manifesting closeness in the interactions of peers: A look at siblings and friends , 1995 .

[8]  K. Floyd,et al.  Gender and closeness among friends and siblings. , 1995, The Journal of psychology.

[9]  M. Booth-Butterfield,et al.  Attributional patterns for expressions of love , 1994 .

[10]  Kory Floyd Perceptions of Gender Similarities and Differences of Fifth-Grade Students , 1994 .

[11]  C. Sedikides,et al.  Gender differences in perceptions of emotionality: The case of close heterosexual relationships , 1993 .

[12]  J. Burgoon Interpersonal Expectations, Expectancy Violations, and Emotional Communication , 1993 .

[13]  Fredric E. Rabinowitz The Male-to-Male Embrace: Breaking the Touch Taboo in a Men's Therapy Group. , 1991 .

[14]  R. Shuntich,et al.  Explorations of verbal affection and aggression. , 1991 .

[15]  Judee K. Burgoon,et al.  Nonverbal Expectancies and the Evaluative Consequences of Violations , 1990 .

[16]  J. Dunn,et al.  Sibling relationships in childhood: Links with friendships and peer relationships , 1990 .

[17]  I. Connidis Siblings as Friends in Later Life , 1989 .

[18]  P. Wright,et al.  Interpreting Research on Gender Differences in Friendship: A Case for Moderation and a Plea for Caution , 1988 .

[19]  Jerold L. Hale,et al.  Nonverbal expectancy violations: Model elaboration and application to immediacy behaviors , 1988 .

[20]  W. Owen The Verbal Expression of Love by Women and Men as a Critical Communication Event in Personal Relationships , 1987 .

[21]  Susan B. Shimanoff Rules governing the verbal expression of emotions between married couples , 1985 .

[22]  S. Planalp Relational schemata: A test of alternative forms of relational knowledge as guides to communication. , 1985 .

[23]  Wendy Samter,et al.  COGNITIVE AND MOTIVATIONAL INFLUENCES ON SPONTANEOUS COMFORTING BEHAVIOR , 1984 .

[24]  Charles R. Berger,et al.  Language and social knowledge: Uncertainty in interpersonal relations , 1984 .

[25]  P. Greenbaum,et al.  Varieties of touching in greetings: Sequential structure and sex-related differences , 1980 .

[26]  Susan B. Shimanoff Communication Rules: Theory and Research , 1980 .

[27]  J. Burgoon A Communication Model of Personal Space Violations: Explication and an Initial Test. , 1978 .

[28]  Judee K. Burgoon,et al.  TOWARD A THEORY OF PERSONAL SPACE EXPECTATIONS AND THEIR VIOLATIONS , 1976 .

[29]  H. Harlow,et al.  Learning to Love , 2019, Love, Inc..

[30]  P. Ekman,et al.  The Repertoire of Nonverbal Behavior: Categories, Origins, Usage, and Coding , 1969 .

[31]  Koch Sigmund Ed,et al.  Psychology: A Study of A Science , 1962 .

[32]  J. D. Frank Persuasion and healing : a comparative study of psychotherapy , 1961 .

[33]  E. Berscheid,et al.  The Relationship Closeness Inventory : Assessing the Closeness of Interpersonal Relationships , 2004 .

[34]  S. Twardosz Expression of Affection in Day Care. , 1987 .

[35]  G. Staines Six – Men and Women in Role Relationships , 1986 .

[36]  J. A. Doyle The Male Experience , 1983 .

[37]  P. Noller Sex differences in the socialization of affectionate expression , 1978 .