N-loop learning: part II – an empirical investigation

Purpose Through a survey of firm’s experiences with strategic alliances and a structural equation modeling approach, the aim of this study is to stimulate further interest in modeling and empirical research in the area of N-loop learning. Although the concepts of single-loop and double-loop learning, in particular, are well established in the literature, limited research has been directed toward their empirical validation and finer understanding. Design/methodology/approach Based on a large sample of technology firms, a MIMIC model is proposed and tested with respect to the development of collaborative know-how via the adoption and conduct of different structural choices on how to deploy strategic alliances (single-loop vs double-loop approach). Results are cross-validated. Findings Based on the results of two structural equation models, the findings support the fit of the proposed conceptual model and the notion that, overall, the greater the extent of double-loop over single-loop learning, the higher the level of collaborative know-how derived. Originality/value The call for the empirical investigation of N-loop learning is met by providing an example of survey-based research. The possible benefits of “double-loop” over “single-loop” learning are modeled and tested empirically.

[1]  Bernard L. Simonin,et al.  Knowledge processes and learning outcomes in MNCs: an empirical investigation of the role of HRM practices in foreign subsidiaries , 2009 .

[2]  Bernard L. Simonin Transfer of knowledge in international strategic alliances: A structural approach. , 1991 .

[3]  Bernard L. Simonin An Empirical Investigation of the Process of Knowledge Transfer in International Strategic Alliances , 2004 .

[4]  P. Bierly,et al.  Generic knowledge strategies in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry , 1996 .

[5]  Stephanie A. Fernhaber,et al.  When do domestic alliances help ventures abroad? Direct and moderating effects from a learning perspective , 2014 .

[6]  M. N. Saunders,et al.  The origins and conceptualizations of ‘triple-loop’ learning: A critical review , 2012 .

[7]  Paul J. Gertler,et al.  A Latent Variable Model of Quality Determination , 1985 .

[8]  Anil K. Gupta,et al.  Knowledge Flows and the Structure of Control Within Multinational Corporations , 1991 .

[9]  I. Berlin,et al.  The Hedgehog and the Fox: An essay on Tolstoy's View of History , 1954 .

[10]  Bernard L. Simonin,et al.  Strategic Alliances in the Triad: An Exploratory Study , 1993 .

[11]  B. Kogut,et al.  Knowledge of the Firm, Combinative Capabilities, and the Replication of Technology , 1992 .

[12]  Ashoka Mody,et al.  Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 20 (1993) lSlLl70. North-Holland Learning through alliances , 1991 .

[13]  Harbir Singh,et al.  Building firm capabilities through learning: the role of the alliance learning process in alliance capability and firm‐level alliance success , 2007 .

[14]  Anders Örtenblad,et al.  Organizational Learning: A Radical Perspective , 2002 .

[15]  Marjorie A. Lyles Learning among joint venture sophisticated firms , 1987 .

[16]  Yuan Li,et al.  The relationship between organizational learning and firms’ financial performance in strategic alliances: A contingency approach , 2008 .

[17]  Bernard L. Simonin Ambiguity and the process of knowledge transfer in strategic alliances , 1999 .

[18]  Xu Jiang,et al.  Partner trustworthiness, knowledge flow in strategic alliances, and firm competitiveness: A contingency perspective , 2016 .

[19]  G. Hamel Competition for competence and interpartner learning within international strategic alliances , 1991 .

[20]  David J. Teece,et al.  Competition and Cooperation: Striking the Right Balance , 1989 .

[21]  P. Tosey,et al.  Do Organizations Learn? Some Implications for HRD of Bateson's Levels of Learning , 2008 .

[22]  R. Smeds,et al.  How Companies Learn to Collaborate: Emergence of Improved Inter-Organizational Processes in R&D Alliances , 2013 .

[23]  Douglas Polley,et al.  Learning While Innovating , 1992 .

[24]  Arvind Parkhe Interfirm Diversity, Organizational Learning, and Longevity in Global Strategic Alliances , 1991 .

[25]  R. Bagozzi,et al.  On the evaluation of structural equation models , 1988 .

[26]  C. Bartlett,et al.  Managing across Borders , 2003 .

[27]  A. Goldberger,et al.  Estimation of a Model with Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes of a Single Latent Variable , 1975 .

[28]  P. Senge The fifth discipline : the art and practice of the learning organization/ Peter M. Senge , 1991 .

[29]  Donald A. Schön,et al.  Organizational Learning: A Theory Of Action Perspective , 1978 .

[30]  Ajay K. Jain,et al.  Organizational learning, knowledge management practices and firm’s performance: An empirical study of a heavy engineering firm in India , 2015 .

[31]  B. Kogut Joint ventures: Theoretical and empirical perspectives , 1988 .

[32]  V. Pucik,et al.  Strategic alliances, organizational learning, and competitive advantage: The HRM agenda , 1988 .

[33]  M. Easterby-Smith Creating a Learning Organisation , 1990 .

[34]  D. Teece,et al.  Joint Ventures and Collaborative Arrangements in the Telecommunications Equipment Industry , 1988 .

[35]  C. Fornell,et al.  Canonical Correlation Analysis As A Special Case Of A Structural Relations Model. , 1981, Multivariate behavioral research.

[36]  Chris Argyris,et al.  Overcoming organizational defenses : facilitating organizational learning , 1990 .

[37]  Katarina Vahl Bendixen Copenhagen Business School , 2004 .

[38]  D. Dillman Mail and telephone surveys : the total design method , 1979 .

[39]  C. Bartlett,et al.  Managing Across Borders: New Strategic Requirements , 1987 .