Regional-Scale Variation of Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusions and Thermal Conditions Along the Paleozoic Laurentian Continental Margin in Eastern Quebec, Canada

ABSTRACT Fluid inclusions in diagenetic mineral phases and organic matter in host rocks were studied in Paleozoic strata along the Laurentian continental margin in eastern Quebec. The types of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions correspond broadly with the tectonic units: the St. Lawrence Platform contains oil inclusions; the Humber Zone contains mainly methane inclusions; and the successor basin (the Gaspe Belt) contains oil inclusions in the upper succession, oil and methane in the middle succession, and methane inclusions in the lower interval. The nature of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions also corresponds to the maturation level of organic matter in the host rocks: oil inclusions occur in host rocks that were heated to the oil window or the condensate zone, whereas methane inclusions occur in the condensate zone or dry gas zone, but mainly in the latter. The variation in the nature of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions is related to the thermal history of the successions studied: oil inclusions correspond to relatively low thermal conditions, and methane inclusions to relatively high conditions. These observations suggest that oil reservoirs, if they exist, are more likely to occur in host rocks that have not been buried beyond the condensate zone than in those that have gone through the dry gas zone. The occurrence of oil inclusions in condensate zone rocks suggests that oil was generated and migrated after maximum burial of the host rocks, from mature source rocks either overlying or overthrusted by the host rocks. However, the absence of oil inclusions in the dry gas zone rocks suggests that such a late oil generation-migration scenario may not be viable if the host rocks are heated far beyond the oil window. This is probably because these rocks are farther from, thus less likely connected to, a younger source rock. This study suggests that part of the St. Lawrence Platform and the Gaspe Belt have the thermal conditions for the formation of oil reservoirs, whereas the Humber Zone is prone to natural gas formation. RESUME Les inclusions fluides dans des phases diagenetiques et la matiere organique dans les roches hotes de ces phases ont ete etudiees-dans des roches sedimentaires paleozoiques le long de la marge laurentieene de l'est du Quebec. Une correlation est observee entre le type des inclusions fluides d'hydrocarbures et les unites tectoniques : la plate-forme du Saint-Laurent contient des inclusions d'huile; la zone de Humber contient principalement des inclusions de methane, et la succession du bassin successeur de la ceinture de Gaspe contient des inclusions d'huile dans la partie superieure, d'huile et de methane dans la partie mediane et de methane dans la partie inferieure. La nature des inclusions fluides d'hydrocarbures est reliee au niveau de maturation thermique des roches hotes : les inclusions d'huile s'observent dans les roches chauffees dans la fenetre a huile ou dans la zone a condensat, alors que les inclusions de methane sont trouvees dans les roches attribuees soit a la zone a condensat mais surtout a la zone a gaz sec. La variation de la nature des inclusions fluides d'hydrocarbures est largement reliee a l'histoire thermique des successions etudiees: les d'inclusions d'huile correspondent a des conditions de maturation thermiques relativement faibles (mature) alors que la presence de methane correspond a des conditions plus elevees (supramature). Ces observations suggerent que si des reservoirs a huile existent, ils se trouvent probablement plus dans les roches hotes qui n'ont pas ete enfouies au dela de la zone a condensat que dans celles qui ont traverse la zone a gaz sec. La presence d'inclusions d'huile dans des roches de la zone a condensat suggere que l'huile a ete genere et a migre apres l'enfouissement maximum des roches hotes, a partir de roches meres matures sus-jacentes ou chevauchees par les roches hotes. Cependant, l'absence d'inclusions a huile dans * Geological Survey of Canada Contribution Number: 1999061. End_Page 193------------------------ les roches de la zone a gaz sec suggere que ce scenario de generation et de migration tardive d'huile n'est pas probable si les roches hotes ont ete chauffees bien au dela de la fenetre a huile, probablement parce que ces roches sont plus loins, et probablement non-connectees a une roche mere plus jeune. Cette etude suggere que une partie de la plate-forme du Saint-Laurent et la ceinture de Gaspe ont les conditions thermiques pour la formation des reservoirs d'huile, alors que la zone de Humber est encline a la formation de gaz naturel. Traduit par Lynn Gagnon

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