Issues of spatial, taxonomic and temporal scale in delineating links between mangrove diversity and ecosystem function

This paper reviews the presence of many types of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in mangrove systems, evaluates the significance of this heterogeneity, and asks if there are appropriate and useful means to generalize across scales and to incorporate this heterogeneity into models of ecosystem function. Genetic variation manifests itself at organizational scales from branches to populations (encompassing hierarchical spatial scales from centimeters to kilometres), with phenotypic differences in physiological and morphological traits that influence

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