An investigation of factors that in ̄ uence the management of knowledge in organizations

Modern organizations are increasingly seen as knowledge-based enterprises in which proactive knowledge management is important for competitiveness. This paper introduces a descriptive framework for understanding factors that in ̄uence the success of knowledge management (KM) initiatives in an organization. It identi®es three main classes of in ̄uencing factors (managerial, resource, and environmental) and characterizes the individual factors in each class. A Delphi process was used to develop and assess the framework. The Delphi panel was comprised of 31 recognized researchers and practitioners in the KM ®eld. The resultant framework can be used by researchers for KM issue and hypothesis generation, by practitioners for benchmarking KM practices, and by educators for helping organize the study of KM. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.