Advances in wastewater nitrogen removal by biological processes: state of the art review

O artigo resume o estado da arte dos mais recentes avancos na remocao biologica de nitrogenio, incluindo os criterios para o calculo do processo e as inovacoes tecnologicas. Em relacao ao processo Ludzck Ettinger modificado (pre-desnitrificacao, nitrificacao, no sistema de lodo activados), o qual e amplamente utilizado na remocao biologica de nitrogenio, foi proposta uma nova equacao para calcular o reactor de desnitrificacao, com base na taxa de desnitrificacao (SDNR-Specific Denitrification Rate). Alem disso, foram analisados os fatores que influenciam o SDNR (oxigenio dissolvido no reator; comportamento hidrodinâmico do reator) e foram propostas as solucoes tecnologicas. Quanto a evolucao tecnologica, o artigo apresenta um resumo dos varios processos de remocao biologica de amonia, que sao mais conhecidos com os nomes patenteados, tais como: ANAMMOX(r), DEMON(r), CANON(r), ANITA(r) e outros. Estes processos ja encontraram aplicacoes industriais no tratamento de aguas residuais de alta concentracao, tais como o licor de lodo digerido e o percolado de aterro sanitario. Entre as tecnologias emergentes de desnitrificacao foram considerados os bioreatores com membranas (MBfR), os quais podem ser operados tanto na fase aerobia quanto na fase anoxica.

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