The study of the ground plane effect on a Multiband PIFA Antenna by using Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization

The ground plane plays an important role on the performance of a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA). In this regard, the ground plane modification using slots is proposed in this research to obtain a dual band antenna for WiMAX application.     Popular optimization techniques, as genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), were used to design the shape of the ground plane in order to improve the bandwidth and to achieve dual band antenna instead of single band antenna.    The proposed method divides the overall ground plane into different cells. Through this technique it is possible to obtain a dual band antenna reduced by more than 50%, thereby reducing the overall ground plane.    Both GA and PSO designs are provided. This new method shows many advantages over PIFA antenna in terms of performance and weight.

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