Analysis of a form of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, as a marker of cellular oxidative stress during carcinogenesis.

8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) was first reported in 1984 as a major form of oxidative DNA damage product by heated sugar, Fenton-type reagents and X-irradiation in vitro. 8-OH-dG has been detected in cellular DNA using an HPLC-ECD method in many laboratories. Analyses of 8-OH-dG in animal organ DNA after the administration of oxygen radical-forming chemicals will be useful for assessments of their carcinogenic risk. Its analysis in human leucocyte DNA and in urine is a new approach to the assessment of an individual's cancer risk due to oxidative stress. The increase of the 8-OH-dG level in the cellular DNA, detected by HPLC-ECD method, was supported by its immunochemical detection and its enhanced repair activity. The validity of the general use of 8-OH-dG as a marker of cellular oxidative stress is discussed.

[1]  M. Källberg,et al.  Determination of urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine by automated coupled-column high performance liquid chromatography: a powerful technique for assaying in vivo oxidative DNA damage in cancer patients. , 1995, European journal of cancer.

[2]  J. Essigmann,et al.  Mechanistic studies of ionizing radiation and oxidative mutagenesis: genetic effects of a single 8-hydroxyguanine (7-hydro-8-oxoguanine) residue inserted at a unique site in a viral genome. , 1990, Biochemistry.

[3]  M. Chung,et al.  Increased oxidative DNA damage in Helicobacter pylori-infected human gastric mucosa. , 1996, Cancer research.

[4]  L. Loeb,et al.  Reverse chemical mutagenesis: identification of the mutagenic lesions resulting from reactive oxygen species-mediated damage to DNA. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[5]  T. Umemura,et al.  Oxidative DNA damage and cell proliferation in the livers of B6C3F1 mice exposed to pentachlorophenol in their diet. , 1996, Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[6]  M. Chung,et al.  Induction of E. coli oh8Gua endonuclease by oxidative stress: its significance in aerobic life. , 1996, Mutation research.

[7]  D. Nakae,et al.  Induction of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine but not initiation of carcinogenesis by redox enzyme modulations with or without menadione in rat liver. , 1991, Carcinogenesis.

[8]  H. Bartsch,et al.  Formation of reactive oxygen species and of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in DNA in vitro with betel quid ingredients. , 1987, Chemico-biological interactions.

[9]  B. Vogelstein,et al.  p53 mutations in human cancers. , 1991, Science.

[10]  H. Itoh,et al.  Increase of a type of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxyguanine, and its repair activity in human leukocytes by cigarette smoking. , 1996, Cancer research.

[11]  R. Floyd,et al.  Hydroxyl free radical adduct of deoxyguanosine: sensitive detection and mechanisms of formation. , 1986, Free radical research communications.

[12]  A. Grollman,et al.  Insertion of specific bases during DNA synthesis past the oxidation-damaged base 8-oxodG , 1991, Nature.

[13]  Y. Konishi,et al.  Inhibitory effects of N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine on the early stage of the enhanced hepatocarcinogenesis caused by coadministration of ethionine and a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet in rats. , 1996, Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie.

[14]  B. Ames,et al.  Assay of excised oxidative DNA lesions: isolation of 8-oxoguanine and its nucleoside derivatives from biological fluids with a monoclonal antibody column. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[15]  T. Ozawa,et al.  Age-associated accumulation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in mitochondrial DNA of human diaphragm. , 1991, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[16]  E. Ohtsuka,et al.  c-Ha-ras containing 8-hydroxyguanine at codon 12 induces point mutations at the modified and adjacent positions. , 1992, Cancer research.

[17]  H. Honjo,et al.  Urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2‘‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) Levels in Women with or without Gynecologic Cancer * , 1996, The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research.

[18]  D. C. Malins,et al.  4,6-Diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine, 8-hydroxyguanine and 8-hydroxyadenine in DNA from neoplastic liver of English sole exposed to carcinogens. , 1990, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[19]  K. Appel,et al.  N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, and N-nitrosomorpholine fail to generate 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in liver DNA of male F344 rats. , 1993, Mutation research.

[20]  B. Ames,et al.  Smoking and low antioxidant levels increase oxidative damage to sperm DNA. , 1996, Mutation research.

[21]  B. Ames,et al.  Maternal Dietary Zinc Influences DNA Strand Break and 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine Levels in Infant Rhesus Monkey Liver , 1993, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.

[22]  T. Umemura,et al.  Preventive effects of green tea against liver oxidative DNA damage and hepatotoxicity in rats treated with 2-nitropropane. , 1995, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[23]  S. Nishimura,et al.  Hydroxylation of guanine in nucleosides and DNA at the C-8 position by heated glucose and oxygen radical-forming agents. , 1986, Environmental health perspectives.

[24]  N. Takeichi,et al.  Elevated Level of 8‐Hydroxydeoxyguanosine in DNA of Liver, Kidneys, and Brain of Long‐Evans Cinnamon Rats , 1993, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[25]  T. Umemura,et al.  Oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and nephrotoxicity induced in the rat kidney after ferric nitrilotriacetate administration. , 1990, Cancer letters.

[26]  S. Toyokuni,et al.  8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine is increased in epidermal cells of hairless mice after chronic ultraviolet B exposure. , 1996, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[27]  K. Frenkel,et al.  Suppression of tumor promoter-induced oxidative events and DNA damage in vivo by sarcophytol A: a possible mechanism of antipromotion. , 1992, Cancer research.

[28]  K. Frenkel,et al.  Sensitivity to tumor promotion of SENCAR and C57BL/6J mice correlates with oxidative events and DNA damage. , 1993, Carcinogenesis.

[29]  T. Umemura,et al.  Pentachlorophenol-induced oxidative DNA damage in mouse liver and protective effect of antioxidants. , 1995, Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association.

[30]  H. Kamiya,et al.  Mutations induced by 2-hydroxyadenine on a shuttle vector during leading and lagging strand syntheses in mammalian cells. , 1997, Biochemistry.

[31]  Y. Konishi,et al.  Selective 8-hydroxyguanine formation in pancreatic DNA due to a single intravenous administration of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide in rats. , 1994, Cancer letters.

[32]  J. Musarrat,et al.  Prognostic and aetiological relevance of 8-hydroxyguanosine in human breast carcinogenesis. , 1996, European journal of cancer.

[33]  T. Umemura,et al.  Significant Increase of 8‐Hydroxydeoxyguanosine in Liver DNA of Rats Following Short‐term Exposure to the Peroxisome Proliferators Di(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate and Di(2‐ethylhexyl)adipate , 1990, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[34]  T. Ozawa,et al.  Age-associated damage in mitochondrial function in rat hearts , 1993, Experimental Gerontology.

[35]  G. Lucier,et al.  Increased oxidative DNA damage in livers of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin treated intact but not ovariectomized rats. , 1996, Cancer letters.

[36]  S. Toyokuni,et al.  Prevention by 2‐Mercaptoethane Sulfonate and N‐Acetylcysteine of Renal Oxidative Damage in Rats Treated with Ferric Nitrilotriacetate , 1996, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[37]  K. Appel,et al.  The pentachlorophenol metabolite tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone induces the formation of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine in liver DNA of male B6C3F1 mice. , 1994, Toxicology letters.

[38]  J. Ravanat,et al.  Determination of 8-oxoguanine in DNA by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry and HPLC--electrochemical detection: overestimation of the background level of the oxidized base by the gas chromatography--mass spectrometry assay. , 1995, Chemical research in toxicology.

[39]  P. Emery,et al.  8‐Hydroxydeoxyguanosine , 1994, FEBS letters.

[40]  B. Ames,et al.  Increased oxidative DNA damage following partial hepatectomy , 1990 .

[41]  C. V. Van Peteghem,et al.  Peroxidative in vitro metabolism of diethylstilbestrol induces formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. , 1989, Carcinogenesis.

[42]  H. Tanooka,et al.  Formation of 8-hydroxyguanine residues in DNA by X-irradiation. , 1984, Gan.

[43]  P. Leanderson,et al.  Cigarette smoke-induced DNA-damage: role of hydroquinone and catechol in the formation of the oxidative DNA-adduct, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. , 1990, Chemico-biological interactions.

[44]  B. Epe,et al.  DNA damage induced by furocoumarin hydroperoxides plus UV (360 nm). , 1993, Carcinogenesis.

[45]  B. Ames,et al.  Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine as a biological marker of in vivo oxidative DNA damage. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[46]  H. Itoh,et al.  Cigarette smoking induces an increase in oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, in a central site of the human lung. , 1997, Carcinogenesis.

[47]  M. Hirose,et al.  Dose‐dependent Induction of 8‐Hydroxyguanine and Preneoplastic Foci in Rat Liver by a Food‐derived Carcinogen, 2‐Amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline, at Low Dose Levels , 1996, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[48]  J. Chipman,et al.  Induction of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in Ah-responsive mouse liver by iron and Aroclor 1254. , 1992, Carcinogenesis.

[49]  B. Ames,et al.  Normal oxidative damage to mitochondrial and nuclear DNA is extensive. , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[50]  F. Chung,et al.  Increased 8-oxodeoxyguanosine levels in lung DNA of A/J mice and F344 rats treated with the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. , 1992, Carcinogenesis.

[51]  J. Yokota,et al.  Formation of an oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, in mouse lung DNA after intratracheal instillation of diesel exhaust particles and effects of high dietary fat and beta-carotene on this process. , 1995, Carcinogenesis.

[52]  T. Takeshita,et al.  Evaluation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a typical oxidative DNA damage, in human leukocytes. , 1994, Carcinogenesis.

[53]  J. Cadet,et al.  Photosensitized formation of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) in DNA by riboflavin: a nonsinglet oxygen-mediated reaction , 1992 .

[54]  S. Amin,et al.  Inhibition of tobacco-specific nitrosamine-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice by green tea and its major polyphenol as antioxidants. , 1992, Cancer research.

[55]  L. Loeb,et al.  Mutagenic spectrum resulting from DNA damage by oxygen radicals. , 1991, Biochemistry.

[56]  M. Kuwabara,et al.  Reactions between hydroxyl-radical-induced 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine precursor and the spin trap alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone. , 1997, Journal of radiation research.

[57]  Y. Konishi,et al.  Prevention by Methionine of Enhancement of Hepatocarcinogenesis by Coadministration of a Choline‐deficient L‐Amino Acid‐defined Diet and Ethionine in Rats , 1995, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[58]  M. Chung,et al.  Protection of DNA damage by dietary restriction. , 1992, Free radical biology & medicine.

[59]  S. Nishimura,et al.  Hydroxylation of deoxy guanosine at the C-8 position by polyphenols and aminophenols in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and ferric ion. , 1984, Gan.

[60]  S. Takenoshita,et al.  Lung carcinogenesis and formation of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine in mice by diesel exhaust particles. , 1997, Carcinogenesis.

[61]  B. Järvholm,et al.  Genotoxic effects in workers exposed to low levels of benzene from gasoline. , 1996, American journal of industrial medicine.

[62]  S. Nishimura,et al.  Formation of 8-Hydroxyguanine by Oxidative DNA Damage, Its Repair and Its Mutagenic Effects , 1993 .

[63]  T. Umemura,et al.  Relation of 8‐Hydroxydeoxyguanosine Formation in Rat Kidney to Lipid Peroxidation, Glutathione Level and Relative Organ Weight after a Single Administration of Potassium Bromate , 1991, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[64]  M. Chung,et al.  Increased 8-hydroxyguanine levels in DNA and its repair activity in rat kidney after administration of a renal carcinogen, ferric nitrilotriacetate. , 1996, Carcinogenesis.

[65]  D. Phillips,et al.  Detection of bulky DNA lesions in the liver of patients with Wilson's disease and primary haemochromatosis. , 1995, Mutation research.

[66]  G. Speit,et al.  Detection of DNA damage after hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. , 1996, Mutagenesis.

[67]  M. Chung,et al.  Cigarette smoking induces formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, one of the oxidative DNA damages in human peripheral leukocytes. , 1990, Free radical research communications.

[68]  Y. Homma,et al.  Formation of 8-hydroxyguanine in DNA by aging and oxidative stress , 1995 .

[69]  B. Diwan,et al.  Oxidative DNA base damage in renal, hepatic, and pulmonary chromatin of rats after intraperitoneal injection of cobalt(II) acetate. , 1994, Chemical research in toxicology.

[70]  E. Fiala,et al.  Comparison of oxidative damage to rat liver DNA and RNA by primary nitroalkanes, secondary nitroalkanes, cyclopentanone oxime, and related compounds. , 1991, Cancer research.

[71]  C. Ong,et al.  Aflatoxin B1-induced 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation in rat hepatic DNA. , 1995, Carcinogenesis.

[72]  H. Kamiya,et al.  Substitution and deletion mutations induced by 2-hydroxyadenine in Escherichia coli: effects of sequence contexts in leading and lagging strands. , 1997, Nucleic acids research.

[73]  G. Wingren,et al.  Urinary malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine as potential markers of oxidative stress in industrial art glass workers , 1996, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[74]  H. Yoshiji,et al.  Inhibitory effects of 2-O-octadecylascorbic acid and other vitamin C and E derivatives on the induction of enzyme-altered putative preneoplastic lesions in the livers of rats fed a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined diet. , 1994, Carcinogenesis.

[75]  M. Nakajima,et al.  Determination of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in human cells under oxygen-free conditions. , 1996, Carcinogenesis.

[76]  S. Tsugane,et al.  Quantitative analysis of S-hydroxyguanine in peripheral blood cells: An application for asbestosis patients , 1993, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[77]  B. Ames,et al.  Oxidative damage to DNA during aging: 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in rat organ DNA and urine. , 1990, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[78]  L. Loeb,et al.  8-Hydroxyguanine, an abundant form of oxidative DNA damage, causes G----T and A----C substitutions. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[79]  B. Ames,et al.  Ascorbic acid protects against endogenous oxidative DNA damage in human sperm. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[80]  T. Umemura,et al.  Inhibitory effects of vitamin E and ellagic acid on 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation in liver nuclear DNA of rats treated with 2-nitropropane. , 1995, Cancer letters.

[81]  Y Kurokawa,et al.  Short-term exposure to the peroxisome proliferators, perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorodecanoic acid, causes significant increase of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in liver DNA of rats. , 1991, Cancer letters.

[82]  R. Bull,et al.  Lipid peroxidation and formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine from acute doses of halogenated acetic acids. , 1996, Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology.

[83]  M. Hegi,et al.  No measurable increase in thymidine glycol or 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in liver DNA of rats treated with nafenopin or choline-devoid low-methionine diet. , 1990, Mutation research.

[84]  T. Takeshita,et al.  8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine in human leukocyte DNA and daily health practice factors: effects of individual alcohol sensitivity. , 1996, Environmental health perspectives.

[85]  C. Wild,et al.  Alkylation and oxidative‐DNA damage repair activity in blood leukocytes of smokers and non‐smokers , 1993, International journal of cancer.

[86]  H. Kamiya,et al.  Comparison of Oxidation Products from DNA Components by γ-Irradiation and Fenton-Type Reactions , 1997 .

[87]  M. Chung,et al.  Lipid peroxidation and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation in rats fed fish oil with different levels of vitamin E. , 1995, Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology.

[88]  E. Fiala,et al.  Oxidative DNA and RNA damage in the livers of Sprague-Dawley rats treated with the hepatocarcinogen 2-nitropropane. , 1989, Cancer research.

[89]  R. Floyd,et al.  Hydroxyl free radical mediated formation of 8-hydroxyguanine in isolated DNA. , 1988, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[90]  Y. Ueno,et al.  Formation of the 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine moiety in hepatic DNA of mice orally administered with luteoskyrin, a bis-anthraquinoid mycotoxin. , 1991, Toxicology letters.

[91]  H. Thompson,et al.  The efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid in mammary cancer prevention is independent of the level or type of fat in the diet. , 1996, Carcinogenesis.

[92]  Luoping Zhang,et al.  Benzene and its phenolic metabolites produce oxidative DNA damage in HL60 cells in vitro and in the bone marrow in vivo. , 1993, Cancer research.

[93]  M. Dizdaroglu.  Formation of an 8-hydroxyguanine moiety in deoxyribonucleic acid on gamma-irradiation in aqueous solution. , 1985, Biochemistry.

[94]  Yu-jing Zhang,et al.  Immunoperoxidase detection of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in aflatoxin B1-treated rat liver and human oral mucosal cells. , 1996, Cancer research.

[95]  K. Umegaki,et al.  Influence of dietary vitamin E on the 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in rat liver DNA. , 1993, Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology.

[96]  H. Kamiya,et al.  Formation of 2-Hydroxydeoxyadenosine Triphosphate, an Oxidatively Damaged Nucleotide, and Its Incorporation by DNA Polymerases , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[97]  Kyu Bong Kim,et al.  Oxidative stress to DNA, protein, and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in rats treated with benzo(a)pyrene. , 1997, Cancer letters.

[98]  W. Fischer,et al.  Correlation of individual papilloma latency time with DNA adducts, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, and the rate of DNA synthesis in the epidermis of mice treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[99]  M. Chung,et al.  Induction of oh8Gua glycosylase in rat kidneys by potassium bromate (KBrO3), a renal oxidative carcinogen. , 1996, Mutation research.

[100]  B. M. Lee,et al.  Organotropic formation and disappearance of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in the kidney of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to adriamycin and KBrO3. , 1993, Cancer letters.

[101]  S. Hirohashi,et al.  8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in DNA of human breast cancer are not significantly different from those of non-cancerous breast tissues by the HPLC-ECD method. , 1995, Cancer letters.

[102]  M. Wilson,et al.  Increased 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in hepatic DNA of rats treated with the peroxisome proliferators ciprofibrate and perfluorodecanoic acid. , 1994, Cancer letters.

[103]  S. Nishimura,et al.  DNA damage induced by asbestos in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. , 1984, Gan.

[104]  B. Epe,et al.  DNA damage by peroxynitrite characterized with DNA repair enzymes. , 1996, Nucleic acids research.

[105]  H. Yoshiji,et al.  Production of Both 8‐Hydroxydeoxyguanosine in Liver DNA and γ‐Glutamyltransferase‐positive Hepatocellular Lesions in Rats Given a Choline‐deficient, l‐Amino Acid‐defined Diet , 1990, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[106]  D. C. Malins,et al.  Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry reveal a remarkable degree of structural damage in the DNA of wild fish exposed to toxic chemicals. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[107]  Y. Inoue,et al.  Changes in the urinary excretion level of 8-hydroxyguanine by exposure to reactive oxygen-generating substances. , 1995, Free radical biology & medicine.

[108]  H. Thompson,et al.  Antioxidant status and dietary lipid unsaturation modulate oxidative DNA damage. , 1994, Free radical biology & medicine.

[109]  R. Cattley,et al.  Elevated 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in hepatic DNA of rats following exposure to peroxisome proliferators: relationship to carcinogenesis and nuclear localization. , 1993, Carcinogenesis.

[110]  B. Ames,et al.  Endogenous oxidative damage of deoxycytidine in DNA. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[111]  A. Tjønneland,et al.  Oxidative DNA damage estimated by 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine excretion in humans: influence of smoking, gender and body mass index. , 1992, Carcinogenesis.

[112]  P. Borm,et al.  Oxidative DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of coal workers , 1995, International archives of occupational and environmental health.

[113]  Feng,et al.  Relationship between Asbestos Exposures and 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine Levels in Leukocytic DNA of Workers at a Chinese Asbestos-material Plant. , 1997, International journal of occupational and environmental health.

[114]  Tamotsu Inoue,et al.  Effect of Physical Exercise on the Content of 8‐Hydroxydeoxyguanosine in Nuclear DNA Prepared from Human Lymphocytes , 1993, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[115]  S. S. Brown,et al.  Use of molecular epidemiological techniques in a pilot study on workers exposed to chromium. , 1994, Occupational and environmental medicine.

[116]  S. Okada,et al.  Absence of ras Mutations and Low Incidence of p53 Mutations in Renal Cell Carcinomas Induced by Ferric Nitrilotriacetate , 1995, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[117]  R. Cattley,et al.  Elevated 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in hepatic DNA of rats following exposure to peroxisome proliferators: relationship to mitochondrial alterations. , 1995, Carcinogenesis.

[118]  B. Epe,et al.  Quantification of oxidative DNA modifications in mitochondria. , 1993, Carcinogenesis.

[119]  J. Liehr,et al.  Elevated 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in DNA of diethylstilbestrol-treated Syrian hamsters: covalent DNA damage by free radicals generated by redox cycling of diethylstilbestrol. , 1991, Cancer research.

[120]  H. Kamiya,et al.  Mutational specificity of glyoxal, a product of DNA oxidation, in the lacI gene of wild-type Escherichia coli W3110. , 1997, Mutation research.

[121]  S. Nishimura,et al.  Methylreductic acid and hydroxymethylreductic acid: oxygen radical-forming agents in heated starch. , 1989, Mutation research.

[122]  S. Adachi,et al.  Increased susceptibility to oxidative DNA damage in regenerating liver. , 1994, Carcinogenesis.

[123]  T. Sugimura,et al.  Formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in DNA treated with fecapentaene-12 and -14. , 1989, Mutation research.

[124]  P. Mecocci,et al.  Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA shows marked age‐dependent increases in human brain , 1993, Annals of neurology.

[125]  H. Ochi,et al.  Quantitative immunohistochemical determination of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine by a monoclonal antibody N45.1: its application to ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced renal carcinogenesis model. , 1997, Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology.

[126]  H. Tanooka,et al.  5-Formyldeoxyuridine: a new type of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation and its mutagenicity to salmonella strain TA102. , 1990, Mutation research.

[127]  K. Frenkel,et al.  Relationship of oxidative events and DNA oxidation in SENCAR mice to in vivo promoting activity of phorbol ester-type tumor promoters. , 1993, Carcinogenesis.

[128]  Y. Konishi,et al.  Prevention by acetylsalicylic acid of liver cirrhosis and carcinogenesis as well as generations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances caused by a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined diet in rats. , 1994, Carcinogenesis.

[129]  S. Nishimura,et al.  Detection and identification of mutagens and carcinogens as their adducts with guanosine derivatives. , 1984, Nucleic acids research.

[130]  C. Nishigori,et al.  Formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in epidermis of hairless mice exposed to near-UV. , 1994, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[131]  K. H. Kim,et al.  DNA damage in the kidneys of diabetic rats exhibiting microalbuminuria. , 1994, Free radical biology & medicine.

[132]  P. G. Wells,et al.  DNA oxidation as a potential molecular mechanism mediating drug-induced birth defects: phenytoin and structurally related teratogens initiate the formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in vitro and in vivo in murine maternal hepatic and embryonic tissues. , 1995, Free radical biology & medicine.

[133]  S. Nishimura,et al.  Hydroxylation of deoxyguanosine at the C-8 position by ascorbic acid and other reducing agents. , 1984, Nucleic acids research.

[134]  W. Franklin,et al.  Enhanced repair endonuclease activities from radiation-arrested G2 phase mammalian cells. , 1994, International journal of radiation biology.

[135]  R. Floyd,et al.  Methylene blue plus light mediates 8-hydroxyguanine formation in DNA. , 1989, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[136]  S. Tsugane,et al.  Oxidative DNA damage induced by silica in vivo. , 1995, Environmental research.

[137]  A. Grollman,et al.  Site-specific mutagenesis using a gapped duplex vector: a study of translesion synthesis past 8-oxodeoxyguanosine in E. coli. , 1991, Mutation research.

[138]  S. Nishimura,et al.  Formation of 8-hydroxyguanine residues in cellular DNA exposed to the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. , 1986, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[139]  Y. Konishi,et al.  Involvement of 8-hydroxyguanine formation in the initiation of rat liver carcinogenesis by low dose levels of N-nitrosodiethylamine. , 1997, Cancer research.

[140]  N. Polissar,et al.  The etiology of breast cancer characteristic alterations in hydroxyl radical‐induced dna base lesions during oncogenesis with potential for evaluating incidence risk , 1993, Cancer.

[141]  D. Williams,et al.  Dietary hydrogen peroxide enhances hepatocarcinogenesis in trout: correlation with 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in liver DNA. , 1992, Carcinogenesis.

[142]  J. Reddy,et al.  Formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in liver DNA of rats following long-term exposure to a peroxisome proliferator. , 1989, Cancer research.

[143]  B. Ames,et al.  Extensive oxidative DNA damage in hepatocytes of transgenic mice with chronic active hepatitis destined to develop hepatocellular carcinoma. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[144]  Y. Konishi,et al.  Improved genomic/nuclear DNA extraction for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine analysis of small amounts of rat liver tissue. , 1995, Cancer letters.

[145]  J. Lunec,et al.  Oxidative damage to DNA in patients with cystic fibrosis. , 1995, Free radical biology & medicine.

[146]  E. Fiala,et al.  2-Nitropropane-induced liver DNA and RNA base modifications: differences between Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand white rabbits. , 1993, Cancer letters.

[147]  H. Tamura,et al.  Characteristics of the hepatocarcinogenesis caused by dehydroepiandrosterone, a peroxisome proliferator, in male F-344 rats. , 1994, Carcinogenesis.

[148]  P. van Bladeren,et al.  Reduction of oxidative DNA-damage in humans by brussels sprouts. , 1995, Carcinogenesis.

[149]  B. Ames,et al.  Antioxidant status and indexes of oxidative stress during consecutive days of exercise. , 1993, Journal of applied physiology.

[150]  H. Kamiya,et al.  Formation of a mutagen, glyoxal, from DNA treated with oxygen free radicals. , 1995, Carcinogenesis.

[151]  U. Varanasi,et al.  Oxidative DNA damage in tissues of English sole (Parophrys vetulus) exposed to nitrofurantoin. , 1991, Chemico-biological interactions.

[152]  O. Axelson,et al.  Exposure to benzene and urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a biological marker of oxidative damage to DNA. , 1994, Occupational and environmental medicine.

[153]  T. Umemura,et al.  Relationship between hepatic peroxisome proliferation and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation in liver DNA of rats following long-term exposure to three peroxisome proliferators; di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, aluminium clofibrate and simfibrate. , 1990, Cancer letters.

[154]  S. Adachi,et al.  Oxidative damage of nuclear DNA in liver of rats exposed to psychological stress. , 1993, Cancer research.

[155]  S. Okada,et al.  Vitamin E inhibits apoptosis, DNA modification, and cancer incidence induced by iron-mediated peroxidation in Wistar rat kidney. , 1997, Cancer research.

[156]  H. Kamiya,et al.  Glyoxal, a major product of DNA oxidation, induces mutations at G:C sites on a shuttle vector plasmid replicated in mammalian cells. , 1997, Nucleic acids research.

[157]  S. Hirohashi,et al.  Increased formation of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, in human livers with chronic hepatitis. , 1994, Cancer research.

[158]  T. Yokozawa,et al.  Increase in kidney 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine level with the progression of renal failure. , 1992, Nephron.

[159]  Y Hayashi,et al.  Oral administration of the renal carcinogen, potassium bromate, specifically produces 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in rat target organ DNA. , 1987, Carcinogenesis.

[160]  J. Liehr,et al.  8-Hydroxylation of guanine bases in kidney and liver DNA of hamsters treated with estradiol: role of free radicals in estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. , 1994, Cancer research.

[161]  P. Dolara,et al.  Oxidative liver DNA damage in rats treated with pesticide mixtures. , 1997, Toxicology.

[162]  Toshio Takahashi,et al.  Inhibition of 1,2‐Dimethylhydrazine‐induced Oxidative DNA Damage by Green Tea Extract in Rat , 1995, Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann.

[163]  L. G. Korkina,et al.  In vivo accumulation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in DNA correlates with release of reactive oxygen species in Fanconi's anaemia families. , 1995, Carcinogenesis.

[164]  C. Harris,et al.  Detection and quantification of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine adducts in peripheral blood of people exposed to ionizing radiation. , 1993, Environmental health perspectives.

[165]  S. Toyokuni,et al.  Formation of 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal‐modified proteins in human renal‐cell carcinoma , 1994, International journal of cancer.

[166]  R. Floyd,et al.  Lipid peroxidation products mediate the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in DNA. , 1992, Free radical biology & medicine.

[167]  R. Olinski,et al.  8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine level in lymphocytes DNA of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. , 1996, Cancer letters.

[168]  M. Chung,et al.  Formation of 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine in DNA and Carcinogenesis , 1991 .

[169]  N. Murata‐Kamiya,et al.  Types of mutations induced by glyoxal, a major oxidative DNA-damage product, in Salmonella typhimurium. , 1997, Mutation research.

[170]  H G Claycamp,et al.  Phenol sensitization of DNA to subsequent oxidative damage in 8-hydroxyguanine assays. , 1992, Carcinogenesis.

[171]  A. Ootsuyama,et al.  Formation of 8-hydroxyguanine moiety in cellular DNA by agents producing oxygen radicals and evidence for its repair. , 1986, Carcinogenesis.

[172]  M. Yoshida,et al.  Substrate and mispairing properties of 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate assessed by in vitro DNA polymerase reactions. , 1997, Nucleic acids research.

[173]  T. Nicotera,et al.  Oxidative damage to DNA in diabetes mellitus , 1996, The Lancet.

[174]  H. Kamiya,et al.  Effects of sequence contexts on misincorporation of nucleotides opposite 2‐hydroxyadenine , 1996, FEBS letters.

[175]  S. Linn,et al.  Oxidative Damage to DNA Constituents by Iron-mediated Fenton Reactions , 1996, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[176]  R. Bhimani,et al.  Inhibition of tumor promoter-mediated processes in mouse skin and bovine lens by caffeic acid phenethyl ester. , 1993, Cancer research.

[177]  D. Blake,et al.  Oxidative DNA damage and cellular sensitivity to oxidative stress in human autoimmune diseases. , 1993, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.