Envisioning systemic effects on persons and society throughout interactive system design

The design, development, and deployment of interactive systems can substantively impact individuals, society, and the natural environment, now and potentially well into the future. Yet, a scarcity of methods exists to support long-term, emergent, systemic thinking in interactive design practice. Toward addressing this gap, we propose four envisioning criteria --- stakeholders, time, values, and pervasiveness -- distilled from prior work in urban planning, design noir, and Value Sensitive Design. We characterize how the criteria can support systemic thinking, illustrate the integration of the envisioning criteria into established design practice (scenariobased design), and provide strategic activities to serve as generative envisioning tools. We conclude with suggestions for use and future work. Key contributions include: 1) four envisioning criteria to support systemic thinking, 2) value scenarios (extending scenario-based design), and 3) strategic activities for engaging the envisioning criteria in interactive system design practice.

[1]  Anthony Dunne,et al.  Design Noir: The Secret Life of Electronic Objects , 2001 .

[2]  D. Schoen,et al.  The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action , 1985 .

[3]  E. Harder,et al.  Apache , 1965 .

[4]  Eli Blevis,et al.  Sustainable interaction design: invention & disposal, renewal & reuse , 2007, CHI.

[5]  Thomas I. Cook,et al.  The Human Condition . By Arendt Hannah. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1958. Pp. 325. $4.75.) , 1960, American Political Science Review.

[6]  Claude S. Fischer,et al.  America Calling: A Social History of the Telephone to 1940 , 1993, Business History Review.

[7]  Batya Friedman,et al.  Office window of the future?: two case studies of an augmented window , 2004, CHI EA '04.

[8]  Rudi Volti,et al.  America Calling: A Social History of the Telephone to 1940 , 1992 .

[9]  David G. Hendry.  Communication functions and the adaptation of design representations in interdisciplinary teams , 2004, DIS '04.

[10]  Helen Nissenbaum,et al.  Software agents and user autonomy , 1997, AGENTS '97.

[11]  Batya Friedman,et al.  Social Judgments and Technological Innovation: Adolescents' Understanding of Property, Privacy, and Electronic Information. , 1997 .

[12]  Takayuki Kanda,et al.  What is a Human? - Toward Psychological Benchmarks in the Field of Human-Robot Interaction , 2006, ROMAN 2006 - The 15th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication.

[13]  Robert E. Mensel.  "Kodakers Lying in Wait": Amateur Photography and the Right of Privacy in New York, 1885-1915 , 1991 .

[14]  J. Jacko,et al.  The human-computer interaction handbook: fundamentals, evolving technologies and emerging applications , 2002 .

[15]  Nigel Cross,et al.  Developments in design methodology , 1984 .

[16]  Brian T. Gill,et al.  A plasma display window?—The shifting baseline problem in a technologically mediated natural world , 2008 .

[17]  Sunny Consolvo,et al.  Development of a Privacy Addendum for Open Source Licenses: Value Sensitive Design in Industry , 2006, UbiComp.

[18]  Joep W. Frens,et al.  Interaction relabelling and extreme characters: methods for exploring aesthetic interactions , 2000, DIS '00.

[19]  Janet Davis,et al.  Informing Public Deliberation: Value Sensitive Design of Indicators for a Large-scale Urban Simulation , 2005, ECSCW.

[20]  Donald A. Sch.  The reflective practitioner: how professionals think in action , 1983 .

[21]  Batya Friedman,et al.  The Watcher and the Watched: Social Judgments About Privacy in a Public Place , 2006, Media Space 20+ Years of Mediated Life.

[22]  Jessica K. Miller,et al.  Value tensions in design: the value sensitive design, development, and appropriation of a corporation's groupware system , 2007, GROUP.

[23]  Peter C. Wright,et al.  Pastiche scenarios: Fiction as a resource for user centred design , 2006, Interact. Comput..

[24]  R F Stockwell,et al.  Man adapting. , 1967, The New Zealand dental journal.

[25]  Batya Friedman,et al.  Human agency and responsible computing: Implications for computer system design , 1992, J. Syst. Softw..

[26]  Jean L. Briggs,et al.  Never in Anger: Portrait of an Eskimo Family , 1970 .

[27]  William A Knaus,et al.  APACHE 1978-2001: the development of a quality assurance system based on prognosis: milestones and personal reflections. , 2002, Archives of surgery.

[28]  Mary Beth Rosson,et al.  Scenario-based design , 2002 .

[29]  Nigel Taylor,et al.  Urban Planning Theory Since 1945 , 1998 .

[30]  Antonio Rizzo,et al.  Scenarios: Heuristics for action , 2004 .

[31]  Norbert Wiener,et al.  Cybernetics: Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. , 1949 .

[32]  Regine Freitag,et al.  Making Use of Scenarios for Validating Analysis and Design , 1998, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[33]  Predrag V. Klasnja,et al.  Value scenarios: a technique for envisioning systemic effects of new technologies , 2007, CHI Extended Abstracts.

[34]  E. Robinson.  Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine , 1963 .

[35]  Batya Friedman,et al.  Human values and the design of computer technology , 1997 .

[36]  Batya Friedman,et al.  Robotic pets in the lives of preschool children , 2004, CHI EA '04.

[37]  Dennis F. Galletta,et al.  Foundations of Human-Computer Interaction in Management Information Systems, in HCI and MIS: Foundations , 2006 .

[38]  Tracee Vetting Wolf,et al.  Dispelling "design" as the black art of CHI , 2006, CHI.

[39]  Leonard Carmichael,et al.  The Human Condition , 1960 .