Dynamic heart-in-thorax phantom for functional SPECT

The authors have designed and built a dynamic heart-in-thorax phantom to be used as the primary tool for experimental verification of a quantitative dynamic functional imaging method they are developing for standard rotating single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) cameras. The phantom consists of two independent parts (i) a dynamic heart model which allows up to two "defects" to be mounted inside it and, (ii) a non-uniform thorax model with lungs and spinal cord. The principle behind the design of the phantom is the fact that the washout of a tracer by dilution is governed by a linear first order equation, the same type of equation as is used to model time-activity distribution in myocardial viability studies. Tests of the dynamic performance of the phantom using the planar scanning mode have confirmed the validity of these assumptions. Also the preliminary results obtained from dynamic data acquired using a simplified version of the phantom in SPECT mode show that the values of characteristic times could be experimentally determined and that these values agreed well with the values preset on the phantom. The authors consider that the phantom is ready for use in the development of the dynamic SPECT method.

[1]  J. Heo,et al.  When is myocardial viability an important clinical issue? , 1994, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[2]  A. Celler,et al.  Quantitative dynamic SPECT tomography , 1996, 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Conference Record.

[3]  Richard E. Carson,et al.  Comment: The EM Parametric Image Reconstruction Algorithm , 1985 .

[4]  O Muzik,et al.  Validation of nitrogen-13-ammonia tracer kinetic model for quantification of myocardial blood flow using PET. , 1993, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[5]  T. Ichihara,et al.  Dynamic acquisition with a three-headed SPECT system: application to technetium 99m-SQ30217 myocardial imaging. , 1991, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[6]  M K O'Connor,et al.  Rapid radiotracer washout from the heart: effect on image quality in SPECT performed with a single-headed gamma camera system. , 1992, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[7]  J. Borwein,et al.  Direct reconstruction of functional parameters for dynamic SPECT , 1995 .

[8]  N. Lassen,et al.  Serial measurement of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with SAH using 133Xe inhalation and emission computerized tomography. , 1984, Journal of neurosurgery.

[9]  N. Lassen,et al.  99mTc-bicisate reliably images CBF in chronic brain diseases but fails to show reflow hyperemia in subacute stroke: report of a multicenter trial of 105 cases comparing 133Xe and 99mTc-bicisate (ECD, neurolite) measured by SPECT on same day. , 1994, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[10]  J. P. Roos,et al.  Analysis of Myocardial Time-Activity Curves of 123I-Heptadecanoic Acid I. Curve Fitting , 1987, Nuklearmedizin.

[11]  R H Huesman,et al.  Simulation of compartmental models for kinetic data from a positron emission tomograph. , 1992, Computer methods and programs in biomedicine.

[12]  J M Links,et al.  Effect of differential tracer washout during SPECT acquisition. , 1991, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[13]  R. Leroy,et al.  Comparison of technetium-99m-ECD to Xenon-133 SPECT in normal controls and in patients with mild to moderate regional cerebral blood flow abnormalities. , 1993, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[14]  R. Vanderzwaag,et al.  Myocardial viability assessment with dynamic low-dose iodine-123-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid metabolic imaging: comparison with myocardial biopsy and reinjection SPECT thallium after myocardial infarction. , 1994 .

[15]  B F Hutton,et al.  A scanning line source for simultaneous emission and transmission measurements in SPECT. , 1993, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[16]  E. Wall,et al.  Cardiac metabolism: A technical spectrum of modalities including positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy , 1994, Journal of nuclear cardiology : official publication of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology.

[17]  Grant T. Gullberg,et al.  Dynamic cardiac SPECT computer simulations for teboroxime kinetics , 1994 .

[18]  Stig A. Larsson,et al.  Simultaneous SPECT and CT with shutter controlled radionuclide line sources and parallel collimator geometry , 1992 .

[19]  Quantification of renal uptake of technetium-99m-DTPA using planar scintigraphy: a technique that considers organ volume. , 1993, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[20]  Iwao Kanno,et al.  Effect of real-time weighted integration system for rapid calculation of functional images in clinical positron emission tomography , 1995, IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging.

[21]  G. Gullberg,et al.  Kinetic modeling of teboroxime using dynamic SPECT imaging of a canine model. , 1994, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[22]  A. Celler,et al.  SPECT transmission scans using multiple collimated line sources , 1995, 1995 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference Record.

[23]  R H Huesman,et al.  Dynamic PET Data Analysis , 1986, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[24]  Validation studies for brain blood flow assessment by radioxenon tomography. , 1988, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[25]  G.L. Zeng,et al.  Non-uniform attenuation correction using simultaneous transmission and emission converging tomography , 1991, Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference.