Causal report accuracy: Retrospect and prospect

Abstract The paper by M. Sprangers, W. van den Brink, J. van Heerden, and J. Hoogstraten (1987 , Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 23 , 302–310) shows that my experiment ( P. White, 1980 , Psychological Review , 87 , 105–112) cannot be interpreted as evidence against the proposal by R. Nisbett and T. Wilson (1977 , Psychological Review , 84 , 231–259) that accuracy of causal reports cannot be improved by information about internal events. However, the state of all existing literature on this topic is inconclusive because of the failure so far to run an internally valid test. It is suggested that further progress on this topic may depend upon theoretical innovation concentrating on social and practical factors in verbal report generation.

[1]  K. A. Ericsson,et al.  Verbal reports as data. , 1980 .

[2]  Peter Wright,et al.  Retrospective reports on the causes of decisions. , 1981 .

[3]  P. White A Model of the Layperson as Pragmatist , 1984 .

[4]  Timothy D. Wilson,et al.  Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. , 1977 .

[5]  T. Natsoulas Basic problems of consciousness. , 1981 .

[6]  S. Rakover Hypothesizing from Introspections: A Model for the Role of Mental Entities in Psychological Explanation 1 , 1983 .

[7]  Peter A. White,et al.  Limitations on verbal reports of internal events: A refutation of Nisbett and Wilson and of Bem. , 1980 .

[8]  L. Ross,et al.  Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgment. , 1981 .

[9]  Timothy D. Wilson,et al.  The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alteration of judgments. , 1977 .

[10]  Introspection and causal accounts. , 1981 .

[11]  Johan Hoogstraten,et al.  A constructive replication of White's alleged refutation of Nisbett and Wilson and of Bem: Limitations on verbal reports of internal events. , 1987 .

[12]  R. Nisbett,et al.  Verbal reports about causal influences on social judgments: Private access versus public theories. , 1977 .

[13]  Eliot R. Smith,et al.  Limits on perception of cognitive processes: A reply to Nisbett and Wilson. , 1978 .

[14]  Barry Spinner,et al.  Subjects' Access to Cognitive Processes: Demand Characteristics and Verbal Report , 1981 .

[15]  G. A. Miller,et al.  Book Review Nisbett, R. , & Ross, L.Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment.Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1980. , 1982 .