Stability and stabilization of fluorocarbon emulsions destined for injection.

The factors that have an impact on the stability, and the mechanisms of degradation of fluorocarbon emulsions suited for intravascular use, are briefly reviewed. Various ways of prolonging shelf stability are discussed. The effectiveness of perfluoroalkylated surfactants and/or co-surfactants as stabilizers is demonstrated. New means of stabilizing fluorocarbon-in-water emulsions using molecular dowels are presented.

[1]  J. Greiner,et al.  Synthesis of F-Alkylated Glycosides as Surfactants for in vivo Uses. Effects of the Length of the Hydrocarbonated Spacer in the Aglycone on Koenigs-Knorr Reaction, Surface Activity, and Biological Properties , 1992 .

[2]  P. Vierling,et al.  New Perfluoroalkylated Phospholipids as Injectable Surfactants: Synthesis, Preliminary Physicochemical, and Biocompatibility Data. , 1992 .

[3]  J. Rolland,et al.  New Perfluoroalkylated Phosphocholines. Effect on Particle Size and Stability of Fluorocarbon Emulsions. , 1991 .

[4]  J. Rolland,et al.  Detrimental effect of excess lecithin on the stability of fluorocarbon/lecithin emulsions , 1991 .

[5]  J. Greiner,et al.  One-step preparation of 6-perfluoroalkylalkanoates of trehalose and sucrose for biomedical uses. , 1991, Carbohydrate research.

[6]  Riess Jg.  Fluorocarbon-based blood substitutes: what progress? , 1991 .

[7]  J. Riess,et al.  Highly effective surfactants with low hemolytic activity , 1991 .

[8]  L. C. Collins-Gold,et al.  Parenteral emulsions for drug delivery , 1990 .

[9]  E. D. Shchukin,et al.  Ostwald ripening in emulsions , 1990 .

[10]  J. Riess,et al.  Deviation from molecular diffusion aging model in fluorocarbon emulsions stabilized by perfluoroalkylated surfactants , 1990 .

[11]  L. Zarif,et al.  Synthesis of perfluoroalkylated xylitol ethers and esters: new surfactants for biomedical uses. , 1990, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[12]  A. Lattes,et al.  A NEW FORMULATION FOR BLOOD SUBSTITUTES , 1990 .

[13]  S. Davis,et al.  Thermal stability of fluorocarbon emulsions that transport oxygen , 1990 .

[14]  L. Zarif,et al.  Synergistic stabilization of perfluorocarbon-pluronic F-68 emulsion by perfluoroalkylated polyhydroxylated surfactants , 1989 .

[15]  J. Greiner,et al.  Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of 2-(F-alkyl)-ethyl glycosides. A series of new F-alkylated surfactants for in vivo uses , 1989 .

[16]  T. Lane,et al.  Increased infection mortality and decreased neutrophil migration due to a component of an artificial blood substitute , 1986 .

[17]  S. Davis,et al.  The coalescence behavior of oil droplets stabilized by phospholipid emulsifiers , 1985 .

[18]  G. Mathis,et al.  A NOVEL CLASS OF NONIONIC MICROEMULSIONS: FLUOROCARBONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF FLUORINATED POLY(OXYETHYLENE) SURFACTANTS , 1984 .

[19]  J. Riess,et al.  Reassessment of criteria for the selection of perfluorochemicals for second-generation blood substitutes: analysis of structure/property relationships. , 1984, Artificial organs.

[20]  R. Eccles,et al.  A method for evaluation of blood substitutes in the conscious animal. , 1983, The American journal of physiology.

[21]  S. Davis,et al.  Stability of a fat emulsion based intravenous feeding mixture , 1982 .

[22]  S. Davis,et al.  Ostwald ripening and the stability of emulsion systems: an explanation for the effect of an added third component , 1981 .

[23]  I. R. Schmolka.  A review of block polymer surfactants , 1977 .

[24]  S. Friberg.  Liquid crystalline phases in emulsions , 1971 .

[25]  W. Higuchi,et al.  Physical degradation of emulsions via the molecular diffusion route and the possible prevention thereof. , 1962, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[26]  Sir William Thomson F.R.S..  LX. On the equilibrium of vapour at a curved surface of liquid , 1871 .

[27]  S. Magdassi,et al.  CHEMICAL INSTABILITY OP PHOSPHOLIPIDS: A KEY FACTOR IN STABILIZATION OF PERFLUOROCARBON EMULSIONS , 1991 .

[28]  B. Pucci,et al.  New fluorinated biocompatible non-ionic telomeric amphiphiles bearing trishydroxymethyl groups , 1991 .

[29]  J. Riess,et al.  An easy, convenient way of describing the stability of fluorocarbon emulsions , 1989 .

[30]  Brian V. Miller,et al.  Recent Advances in Particle Size Measurements: A Critical Review , 1988 .

[31]  P. Becher,et al.  Encyclopedia of emulsion technology , 1983 .

[32]  H. Hauser,et al.  Interactions of the Polar Groups of Phospholipid Bilayer Membranes , 1979 .

[33]  S. Friberg,et al.  Van Der Waals Potential In Coalescing Emulsion Drops With Liquid Crystals , 1976 .

[34]  Duane F. Bruley,et al.  Oxygen transport to tissue , 1973 .

[35]  A. Adamson.  Physical chemistry of surfaces , 1960 .