Tickling the TCR: selective T-cell functions stimulated by altered peptide ligands.

Recent observations of T-cell responses following T-cell receptor (TCR) interaction with altered peptide ligands have highlighted the complexity of this signalling system. The indications are that the TCR responds to minor changes in ligand with gradations of T-cell activation and effector functions. Brian Evavold, Joanne Sloan-Lancaster and Paul Allen review these studies and present a model in which partial T-cell activation and TCR antagonism are related events in a continuum of signalling through the TCR.

[1]  P. Marrack,et al.  Residues of the variable region of the T-cell-receptor β-chain that interact with S. aureus toxin superantigens , 1990, Nature.

[2]  P. Marrack,et al.  T cells can distinguish between allogeneic major histocompatibility complex products on different cell types , 1988, Nature.

[3]  R. Klausner,et al.  Activation of T cells by a tyrosine kinase activation domain in the cytoplasmic tail of CD3 epsilon. , 1992, Science.

[4]  S. Buus,et al.  Complete dissection of the Hb(64-76) determinant using T helper 1, T helper 2 clones, and T cell hybridomas. , 1992, Journal of immunology.

[5]  M. Reth,et al.  Differential signaling through the Ig‐α and Ig‐β components of the B cell antigen receptor , 1993 .

[6]  D. R. Madden,et al.  The structure of HLA-B27 reveals nonamer self-peptides bound in an extended conformation , 1991, Nature.

[7]  A. Begovich,et al.  Selection for T-cell receptor Vβ–Dβ–Jβ gene rearrangements with specificity for a myelin basic protein peptide in brain lesions of multiple sclerosis , 1993, Nature.

[8]  N. Shastri,et al.  The Choice of T‐Cell Epitopes Utilized on a Protein Antigen Depends on Multiple Factors Distant from, as well as at the Determinant Site , 1987, Immunological reviews.

[9]  J. Claverie,et al.  MHC restriction, alloreactivity, and thymic education: A common link? , 1989, Cell.

[10]  M. A. Saper,et al.  Structure of the human class I histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2 , 1987, Nature.

[11]  Mark M. Davis,et al.  T-cell antigen receptor genes and T-cell recognition , 1988, Nature.

[12]  Eric O Long,et al.  Structural model of HLA-DR1 restricted T cell antigen recognition , 1988, Cell.

[13]  R. Germain,et al.  Peptide-major histocompatibility complex class II complexes with mixed agonist/antagonist properties provide evidence for ligand-related differences in T cell receptor-dependent intracellular signaling , 1993, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[14]  A. Weiss.  T cell antigen receptor signal transduction: A tale of tails and cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinases , 1993, Cell.

[15]  M. Rosner,et al.  Multiple components of the T cell antigen receptor complex become tyrosine-phosphorylated upon activation. , 1993, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[16]  Charles A. Janeway,et al.  Truncation variants of peptides isolated from MHC class II molecules suggest sequence motifs , 1992, Nature.

[17]  C. Janeway.  High fives or hand clasps? , 1992, Current Biology.

[18]  J. Sidney,et al.  T cell receptor antagonism mediated by interaction between T cell receptor junctional residues and peptide antigen analogues. , 1993, Journal of immunology.

[19]  M. Bevan,et al.  Clone-specific T cell receptor antagonists of major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytotoxic T cells , 1993, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[20]  P. Allen,et al.  Induction of T-cell anergy by altered T-cell-receptor ligand on live antigen-presenting cells , 1993, Nature.

[21]  D. Wiley,et al.  Three-dimensional structure of the human class II histocompatibility antigen HLA-DR1 , 1993, Nature.

[22]  K. Gould,et al.  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize influenza haemagglutinin that lacks a signal sequence , 1986, Nature.

[23]  P. Allen,et al.  Separation of IL-4 production from Th cell proliferation by an altered T cell receptor ligand. , 1991, Science.

[24]  P. A. Peterson,et al.  Crystal structures of two viral peptides in complex with murine MHC class I H-2Kb. , 1994, Science.

[25]  P. Allen,et al.  Separation of T helper 1 clone cytolysis from proliferation and lymphokine production using analog peptides. , 1993, Journal of immunology.

[26]  E. Unanue,et al.  Identification of the T-cell and Ia contact residues of a T-cell antigenic epitope , 1987, Nature.

[27]  I. Cohen.  The cognitive paradigm and the immunological homunculus. , 1992, Immunology today.

[28]  S. Tonegawa,et al.  Peptide contributes to the specificity of positive selection of CD8+ T cells in the thymus , 1993, Cell.

[29]  J. Sidney,et al.  Functional consequences of engagement of the T cell receptor by low affinity ligands. , 1993, Journal of immunology.

[30]  H. Boehmer.  Thymic selection: a matter of life and death , 1992 .

[31]  R. Schwartz.  Costimulation of T lymphocytes: the role of CD28, CTLA-4, and B7/BB1 in interleukin-2 production and immunotherapy , 1992, Cell.

[32]  J. Rothbard,et al.  Interactions between Immunogenic Peptides and MHC Proteins , 1991 .

[33]  Angelique T. E. F. Schlief,et al.  Disease inhibition by major histocompatibility complex binding peptide analogues of disease-associated epitopes: more than blocking alone , 1992, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[34]  Ursula Esser,et al.  Mapping T-cell receptor–peptide contacts by variant peptide immunization of single-chain transgenics , 1992, Nature.

[35]  Alessandro Sette,et al.  Structural characteristics of an antigen required for its interaction with Ia and recognition by T cells , 1987, Nature.

[36]  H. Grey,et al.  Antigen analog-major histocompatibility complexes act as antagonists of the T cell receptor , 1992, Cell.

[37]  C. Benoist,et al.  Superantigens interact with MHC class II molecules outside of the antigen groove , 1990, Cell.

[38]  G. Schönrich,et al.  Threshold tolerance in H-2Kb-specific TCR transgenic mice expressing mutant H-2Kb: conversion of helper-independent to helper-dependent CTL. , 1992, International immunology.

[39]  M. Davis,et al.  Molecular components of T-cell recognition. , 1992, Annual review of immunology.

[40]  G. Freeman,et al.  Signalling through the MHC class II cytoplasmic domain is required for antigen presentation and induces B7 expression , 1992, Nature.

[41]  R. Klausner,et al.  T cell antigen receptor activation pathways: The tyrosine kinase connection , 1991, Cell.

[42]  Timothy A. Springer,et al.  Adhesion receptors of the immune system , 1990, Nature.

[43]  A. Singer,et al.  Recognition Requirements for the Activation, Differentiation and Function of T‐Helper Cells Specific for Class I MHC Alloantigens , 1987, Immunological reviews.

[44]  D. Katz,et al.  Radioresistance of Cooperative Function of Carrier-Specific Lymphocytes in Antihapten Antibody Responses , 1970, Science.

[45]  D. Longo,et al.  The fine specificity of antigen and la determinant recognition by T cell hybridoma clones specific for pigeon cytochrome c , 1982, Cell.

[46]  B. Malissen,et al.  The T cell receptor/CD3 complex is composed of at least two autonomous transduction modules , 1992, Cell.

[47]  Eric O Long,et al.  Identification of HLA-DR1 beta chain residues critical for binding staphylococcal enterotoxins A and E , 1992, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[48]  M. Bevan,et al.  Positive selection of CD8+ T cells induced by major histocompatibility complex binding peptides in fetal thymic organ culture , 1993, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[49]  E. Kabat,et al.  Identical V region amino acid sequences and segments of sequences in antibodies of different specificities. Relative contributions of VH and VL genes, minigenes, and complementarity-determining regions to binding of antibody-combining sites. , 1991, Journal of immunology.

[50]  Charles R. M. Bangham,et al.  Human immunodeficiency virus genetic variation that can escape cytotoxic T cell recognition , 1991, Nature.

[51]  F. Sinigaglia,et al.  Promiscuous and allele-specific anchors in HLA-DR-binding peptides , 1993, Cell.

[52]  E. Unanue,et al.  Binding of immunogenic peptides to Ia histocompatibility molecules , 1985, Nature.

[53]  P. Allen,et al.  T cell inducing determinants contain a hierarchy of residues contacting the T cell receptor. , 1991, Seminars in Immunology.

[54]  A. Heimberger,et al.  Induction by antigen of intrathymic apoptosis of CD4+CD8+TCRlo thymocytes in vivo. , 1990, Science.