Indo‐European and Computational Cladistics

This paper reports the results of an attempt to recover the first-order subgrouping of the Indo-European family using a new computational method devised by the authors and based on a ‘perfect phylogeny’ algorithm. The methodology is also briefly described, and points of theory and methodology are addressed in connection with the experiment whose results are here reported.

[1]  J. Clackson,et al.  The linguistic relationship between Armenian and Greek , 1994 .

[2]  Karen Ann Watson-Gegeo.  : The Crosslinguistic Study of Language Acquisition, Volume 1: The Data . Dan Isaac Slobin. ; The Crosslinguistic Study of Language Acquisition, Volume 2: Theoretical Issues . Dan Isaac Slobin. , 1987 .

[3]  A. Kroch,et al.  The Middle English Verb-Second Constraint: A case study in language contact and languagechange , 2001 .

[4]  'To drink' in Anatolian, Tocharian, and Proto-Indo-European , 2000 .

[5]  W. Labov.  Principles of Linguistic Change: Internal Factors , 1994 .

[6]  J. Katz.  Topics in Indo-European personal pronouns , 1998 .

[7]  W. P. Lehmann,et al.  Die Gliederung des indogermanischen Sprachgebiets , 1954 .

[8]  H. W. Bailey.  Dictionary of Khotan Saka , 1979 .

[9]  Michael R. Fellows,et al.  The hardness of perfect phylogeny, feasible register assignment and other problems on thin colored graphs , 2000, Theor. Comput. Sci..

[10]  R. Beekes.  The development of the proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Greek , 1969 .

[11]  Cynthia A. Phillips,et al.  Constructing Evolutionary Trees in the Presence of Polymorphic Characters , 1999, SIAM J. Comput..

[12]  R. Lass.  Historical linguistics and language change , 1997 .

[13]  H. H. Hock.  Principles of historical linguistics , 1986 .

[14]  Warren Cowgill.  The Inflection of the Germanic o-Presents , 1959 .

[15]  I. Hajnal.  Studien Zum Mykenischen Kasussystem , 1995 .

[16]  G. Cardona.  The Indo-European thematic aorists , 1966 .

[17]  Tandy J. Warnow,et al.  Reconstructing the evolutionary history of natural languages , 1996, SODA '96.

[18]  J. R. Rayfield,et al.  The languages of a bilingual community , 1970 .

[19]  Kim McCone,et al.  The Indo-European origins of the Old Irish nasal presents, subjunctives and futures , 1991 .

[20]  A. Meillet,et al.  La méthode comparative en linguistique historique , 1925 .

[21]  A. Kroch.  Morphosyntactic Variation , 1997 .

[22]  Henning Andersen,et al.  IE *s after i, u, r, k in Baltic and Slavic , 1968 .

[23]  Susan Pintzuk,et al.  Bilingual Code-Switching and the Open/Closed Class Distinction , 2000 .

[24]  R. M. Dawkins,et al.  Modern Greek in Asia Minor , 1910, The Journal of Hellenic Studies.

[25]  David S. Johnson,et al.  Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness , 1978 .

[26]  H. Hoenigswald,et al.  Italie and Celtic Superlatives and the Dialects of Indo-European , 1970 .

[27]  Bardhyl Demiraj.  Albanische Etymologien : Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz , 1997 .

[28]  D. Q. Adams,et al.  On the Chronology of Sound Changes in Tocharian. Volume I: From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Tocharian , 1998 .

[29]  R. Beekes.  The origins of the Indo-European nominal inflection , 1985 .

[30]  Ruth King,et al.  The Lexical Basis of Grammatical Borrowing: A Prince Edward Island French case study , 2000 .

[31]  Henry M. Hoenigswald,et al.  Language Change and Linguistic Reconstruction , 1960 .

[32]  M. Kümmel,et al.  Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben : LIV : die Wurzeln und ihre Primärstammbildungen , 1998 .

[33]  Alvino E. Fantini.  Language Acquisition of a Bilingual Child: A Sociolinguistic Perspective (To Age Ten). Multilingual Matters 17. , 1979 .

[34]  G. Pinault.  Tocharian and Indo-Iranian: relations between two linguistic areas , 2002 .

[35]  A. Dobson.  Unrooted trees for numerical taxonomy , 1974, Journal of Applied Probability.

[36]  H. C. Melchert,et al.  Anatolian historical phonology , 1994 .

[37]  H. Pedersen.  Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen , 1976 .

[38]  David Fernández-Baca,et al.  A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for the Perfect Phylogeny Problem when the Number of Character States is Fixed , 1993, FOCS.

[39]  Jay H. Jasanoff.  Some Irregular Imperatives in Tocharian , 1987 .

[40]  H. Hoenigswald,et al.  Biological metaphor and cladistic classification : an interdisciplinary perspective , 1987 .

[41]  J. Tischler.  Glottochronologie und Lexikostatistik , 1973 .

[42]  A. McMahon.  Change, chance, and optimality , 2000 .

[43]  Tandy Warnow,et al.  Character-Based Reconstruction of a Linguistic Cladogram , 2000 .

[44]  Sampath Kannan,et al.  A fast algorithm for the computation and enumeration of perfect phylogenies when the number of character states is fixed , 1995, SODA '95.

[45]  D. Slobin.  The Crosslinguistic Study of Language Acquisition , 1987 .

[46]  Book Reviews,et al.  The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Peoples of Eastern Central Asia , 1998 .

[47]  C. Stang.  Vergleichende Grammatik der baltischen Sprachen , 1968 .

[48]  R. Blench,et al.  Archaeology and Language I : Theoretical and Methodological Orientations , 1997 .

[49]  Andrew Garrett.  A New Model of Indo-European Subgrouping and Dispersal , 1999 .

[50]  Warren Cowgill.  Greek ou and Armenian oc , 1960 .