Lodging in Wheat, Barley, and Oats: The Phenomenon, its Causes, and Preventive Measures

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the phenomenon of lodging in wheat, barley, and oats. Lodging is the state of permanent displacement of the stems from their upright position, which is induced by external forces exerted by wind, rain, or hail. It may culminate in the plants being laid flat on the ground and sometimes involve breakage of the stems. The severity of lodging and the extent of the losses resulting from it depend on the crop's environment and on the growth stage at which lodging occurs. The chapter describes two types of lodging: stem lodging and root lodging and examines various causes of lodging. It discusses the effects of lodging on crop development and yield, including (1) effects on grain yield, (2) effects on grain quality, (3) effects on culm development and tillering, (4) physiological effects of lodging, (5) impact of lodging on grain harvest, and (6) incidence of diseases in lodging crops. Environmental and Agronomic Factors that affecting lodging and the way lodging should be prevented is also discussed in the chapter.

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