Building code implementation in Nepal: An experience on institutionalizing disaster risk reduction in local governance system

Abstract Major source of earthquake risk in terms of human casualty in urban areas of Nepal is from possible collapse of buildings. More than 80% earthquake risk comes from vulnerable buildings. To address this huge risk, intervention on safer construction is required. Effective implementation of building code is one of the most effective ways to decrease potential risk of casualty from earthquake. The support for building code implementation involves a comprehensive strategy that includes public awareness programs, regular consultation for house-owners, training courses to masons, contractors, and engineers, and education and training programs at the community levels. Dominance in owner built approach in construction mechanism, need of balancing awareness, capacity building and institutionalization for effective implementation of building code are key findings of this research. This paper analyzes existing construction mechanism, describes approaches, tools and effectiveness of the initiatives taken for increasing safety of buildings in Nepal.