The artificial intelligence approach to pattern recognition--a perspective and an overview

Abstract The present paper reviews the techniques for automated extraction of information from signals. The techniques may be classified broadly into two categories—the conventional pattern recognition approach and the artificial intelligence (AI) based approach. The conventional approach comprises two methodologies—statistical and structural. The paper reviews salient issues in the application of conventional techniques for extraction of information. The systems that use the artificial intelligence approach are characterized with respect to three key properties. The basic differences between the approaches and the computational aspects are reviewed. Current trends in the use of the AI approach are indicated. Some key ideas in current literature are reviewed.

[1]  Douglas B. Lenat,et al.  Why AM and EURISKO Appear to Work , 1984, Artif. Intell..

[2]  Nils J. Nilsson,et al.  Problem-solving methods in artificial intelligence , 1971, McGraw-Hill computer science series.

[3]  Theodosios Pavlidis,et al.  Structural pattern recognition , 1977 .

[4]  King-Sun Fu,et al.  Syntactic Pattern Recognition And Applications , 1968 .

[5]  Heinrich Niemann,et al.  Model Based Analysis of Scintigraphic Image Sequences of the Human Heart , 1983 .

[6]  大田 友一,et al.  A region-oriented image-analysis system by computer , 1980 .

[7]  Edward A. Feigenbaum,et al.  Rule-based understanding of signals , 1977, SGAR.

[8]  Douglas B. Lenat,et al.  Computers and Thought Lecture: The Ubiquity of Discovery , 1977, IJCAI.

[9]  Shmuel Peleg,et al.  A New Probabilistic Relaxation Scheme , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[10]  Raj Reddy,et al.  A recursive segmentation procedure for continuous speech , 1978 .

[11]  F. Itakura,et al.  Minimum prediction residual principle applied to speech recognition , 1975 .

[12]  Daniel G. Bobrow,et al.  On Overview of KRL, a Knowledge Representation Language , 1976, Cogn. Sci..

[13]  Azriel Rosenfeld,et al.  Digital Picture Processing , 1976 .

[14]  Edward A. Feigenbaum,et al.  Signal-to-Symbol Transformation: HASP/SIAP Case Study , 1982, AI Mag..

[15]  Anthony J. Bonner,et al.  Machine analysis of acoustical signals , 1983, Pattern Recognit..

[16]  Edward A. Feigenbaum,et al.  RULE-BASED UNDERSTANDING OF SIGNALS1 , 1978 .

[17]  William S. Havens,et al.  Representing Knowledge of the Visual World , 1983, Computer.

[18]  Kunihiko Fukushima,et al.  Neocognitron: A new algorithm for pattern recognition tolerant of deformations and shifts in position , 1982, Pattern Recognit..

[19]  Dana H. Ballard,et al.  Parameter Nets , 1984, Artif. Intell..

[20]  Dana H. Ballard,et al.  An Approach to Knowledge-Directed Image Analysis , 1977, IJCAI.

[21]  Douglas B. Lenat,et al.  The Nature of Heuristics , 1982, Artif. Intell..

[22]  Douglas B. Lenat,et al.  The ubiquity of discovery , 1993, AFIPS National Computer Conference.

[23]  Ulf Grenander,et al.  A Unified Approach to Pattern Analysis , 1970, Adv. Comput..

[24]  Kenneth P. Birman,et al.  Rule-Based Learning for More Accurate ECG Analysis , 1982, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[25]  Nils J. Nilsson,et al.  Principles of Artificial Intelligence , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[26]  Douglas B. Lenat,et al.  AM, an artificial intelligence approach to discovery in mathematics as heuristic search , 1976 .

[27]  Alan K. Mackworth.  On Reading Sketch Maps , 1977, IJCAI.

[28]  Marwan A. Simaan,et al.  Segmentation of a seismic section using image processing and artificial intelligence techniques , 1985, Pattern Recognit..

[29]  Keinosuke Fukunaga,et al.  Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition , 1972 .

[30]  Rodney A. Brooks,et al.  Symbolic Reasoning Among 3-D Models and 2-D Images , 1981, Artif. Intell..

[31]  Thomas O. Binford,et al.  Survey of Model-Based Image Analysis Systems , 1982 .

[32]  Allen R. Hanson,et al.  Experiments in Schema-Driven Interpretation of a Natural Scene , 1981 .

[33]  Laveen N. Kanal,et al.  Patterns in pattern recognition: 1968-1974 , 1974, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory.

[34]  Victor R. Lesser,et al.  The Hearsay-II Speech-Understanding System: Integrating Knowledge to Resolve Uncertainty , 1980, CSUR.

[35]  Douglas B. Lenat,et al.  Theory Formation by Heuristic Search , 1983, Artificial Intelligence.

[36]  Richard O. Duda,et al.  Pattern classification and scene analysis , 1974, A Wiley-Interscience publication.

[37]  Alan K. Mackworth.  Consistency in Networks of Relations , 1977, Artif. Intell..

[38]  F. K. Hanna,et al.  AM: A Case Study in AI Methodology , 1984, Artif. Intell..

[39]  Steven W. Zucker,et al.  On the Foundations of Relaxation Labeling Processes , 1983, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[40]  H. Penny Nii.  Signal-to-symbol transformation: Reasoning in the HASP/SIAP program , 1984, ICASSP.

[41]  Douglas B. Lenat,et al.  EURISKO: A Program That Learns New Heuristics and Domain Concepts , 1983, Artif. Intell..