Unresolved Issues that Remain in Molecular Self-Assembly

Two unresolved issues in molecular self-assembly are discussed. Firstly, a novel method for the investigation of molecular self-assembly processes (QASAP: quantitative analysis of self-assembly process) is introduced and recent progress in the understanding of coordination self-assembly processes revealed by QASAP is described. Secondary, a challenge to the construction of discrete molecular self-assemblies that are formed with the aid of weak, nondirectional molecular interactions (such as van der Waals interactions) and the hydrophobic effect is discussed. In the course of the development of hexameric cube-shaped molecular self-assemblies (nanocubes) from gear-shaped amphiphiles (GSAs) in water, a design principle of hydrophobic surface engineering and a novel strategy for the construction of thermally stable discrete assemblies, molecular ‘Hozo’, are presented.

[1]  W. J. Becktel,et al.  Protein stability curves , 1987, Biopolymers.

[2]  I. Huc,et al.  Racemic DNA crystallography. , 2014, Angewandte Chemie.

[3]  P. Uguagliati,et al.  The appearance of a stable intermediate in some substitution reactions of (1,5-diamino-3-azapentane)pyridinepalladium(II) perchlorate , 1990 .

[4]  J. Barton,et al.  Metals and DNA: molecular left-handed complements , 1986, Science.

[5]  G. Bolbach,et al.  Racemic β sheets in biochirogenesis , 2007 .

[6]  Kazunori Matsuura,et al.  Construction of Functional Biomaterials by Biomolecular Self-Assembly , 2017 .

[7]  T. Mizutani,et al.  Water accessibility to the binding cleft as a major switching factor from entropy-driven to enthalpy-driven binding of an alkyl group by synthetic receptors. , 2010, Chemistry, an Asian journal.

[8]  M. Gilski,et al.  Mechanochemical Encapsulation of Fullerenes in Peptidic Containers Prepared by Dynamic Chiral Self-Sorting and Self-Assembly. , 2016, Chemistry.

[9]  M. Renz,et al.  Impact of molecular flexibility on binding strength and self-sorting of chiral π-surfaces. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[10]  U. Nagashima,et al.  Semi-quantitative evaluation of molecular meshing via surface analysis with varying probe radii. , 2018, Chemical communications.

[11]  F M Richards,et al.  Areas, volumes, packing and protein structure. , 1977, Annual review of biophysics and bioengineering.

[12]  N. Iwasawa,et al.  Boronic esters as a system for crystallization-induced dynamic self-assembly equipped with an "on-off" switch for equilibration. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[13]  D. Stalke,et al.  Allosteric binding of halide anions by a new dimeric interpenetrated coordination cage. , 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

[14]  S. Hiraoka.  What Do We Learn from the Molecular Self-Assembly Process? , 2015, Chemical record.

[15]  Takashi Nakamura,et al.  In-water truly monodisperse aggregation of gear-shaped amphiphiles based on hydrophobic surface engineering. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[16]  Katsuhiko Ariga,et al.  Supramolecular Differentiation for Construction of Anisotropic Fullerene Nanostructures by Time-Programmed Control of Interfacial Growth. , 2016, ACS nano.

[17]  Rongmei Zhu,et al.  Stepwise halide-triggered double and triple catenation of self-assembled coordination cages. , 2015, Angewandte Chemie.

[18]  L. Mayne,et al.  The nature of protein folding pathways , 2014, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[19]  Takashi Nakamura,et al.  Induced-fit formation of a tetrameric organic capsule consisting of hexagram-shaped amphiphile molecules. , 2009, Angewandte Chemie.

[20]  K. Biradha,et al.  Self-assembly of a novel macrotricyclic Pd(II) metallocage encapsulating a nitrate ion. , 2001, Chemical communications.

[21]  K. Rissanen,et al.  Dynamic formation of hybrid peptidic capsules by chiral self-sorting and self-assembly. , 2014, Angewandte Chemie.

[22]  Nicholas P. Power,et al.  Metallo-supramolecular capsules , 2008 .

[23]  Robert B. Hermann,et al.  Theory of hydrophobic bonding. II. Correlation of hydrocarbon solubility in water with solvent cavity surface area , 1972 .

[24]  Yuya Tanaka,et al.  An M2 L4 Molecular Capsule with a Redox Switchable Polyradical Shell. , 2016, Angewandte Chemie.

[25]  K. Müllen,et al.  A conjugated polycarbazole ring around a porphyrin. , 2006, Angewandte Chemie.

[26]  S. Hiraoka,et al.  Selective alternate derivatization of the hexaphenylbenzene framework through a thermodynamically controlled halogen dance. , 2014, Organic letters.

[27]  Ana M. Belenguer,et al.  Amplification of Acetylcholine-Binding Catenanes from Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries , 2005, Science.

[28]  Claire Wilson,et al.  Ligand recognition processes in the formation of homochiral C3-symmetric LnL3 complexes of a chiral alkoxide. , 2009, Chemistry.

[29]  Shigehisa Akine,et al.  Oligometallic template strategy for synthesis of a macrocyclic dimer-type octaoxime ligand for its cooperative complexation. , 2012, Inorganic chemistry.

[30]  Susheel Durani,et al.  Protein design with L- and D-alpha-amino acid structures as the alphabet. , 2008, Accounts of chemical research.

[31]  D. Chand,et al.  Conformation of N,N'-bis(3-pyridylformyl)piperazine and spontaneous formation of a saturated quadruple stranded metallohelicate. , 2010, Dalton transactions.

[32]  D. Stalke,et al.  Triggered exchange of anionic for neutral guests inside a cationic coordination cage. , 2015, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[33]  M. Ghadiri,et al.  Ion channel models based on self-assembling cyclic peptide nanotubes. , 2013, Accounts of chemical research.

[34]  M. Yamaguchi,et al.  Synthesis, π-face-selective aggregation, and π-face chiral recognition of configurationally stable C(3)-symmetric propeller-chiral molecules with a π-core. , 2014, Chemistry.

[35]  J. Chambron,et al.  The Stereoselective Self-Assembly of Chiral Metallo-Organic Cryptophanes , 2016 .

[36]  Tanya K. Ronson,et al.  High-fidelity stereochemical memory in a Fe(II)4L4 tetrahedral capsule. , 2013, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[37]  Tianyu Wang,et al.  Supramolecular Chirality in Self-Assembled Systems. , 2015, Chemical reviews.

[38]  S. Hiraoka,et al.  Chiral self-sorting process in the self-assembly of homochiral coordination cages from axially chiral ligands , 2018, Communications Chemistry.

[39]  Sundus Erbas-Cakmak,et al.  Artificial Molecular Machines , 2015, Chemical reviews.

[40]  U. Nagashima,et al.  Role of CH–π interaction energy in self-assembled gear-shaped amphiphile molecules: correlated ab initio molecular orbital and density functional theory study , 2011 .

[41]  J. Fraser Stoddart,et al.  Mechanically Interlocked Molecules (MIMs)-Molecular Shuttles, Switches, and Machines (Nobel Lecture). , 2017, Angewandte Chemie.

[42]  Aaron Klug,et al.  From Macromolecules to Biological Assemblies (Nobel Lecture) , 1983 .

[43]  M. Tachikawa,et al.  The Effect of Solvent and Coordination Environment of Metal Source on the Self-Assembly Pathway of a Pd(II)-Mediated Coordination Capsule. , 2017, Inorganic chemistry.

[44]  K. Sharp,et al.  Heat capacity in proteins. , 2005, Annual review of physical chemistry.

[45]  G. Whitesides,et al.  Molecular self-assembly and nanochemistry: a chemical strategy for the synthesis of nanostructures. , 1991, Science.

[46]  Shuichi Hiraoka,et al.  Quantitative Analysis of the Self-Assembly Process of Hexagonal PtII Macrocyclic Complexes: Effect of the Solvent and the Components. , 2017, Chemistry.

[47]  W. M. Leevy,et al.  Crown ethers: sensors for ions and molecular scaffolds for materials and biological models. , 2004, Chemical reviews.

[48]  Douglas Philp,et al.  Self‐Assembly in Natural and Unnatural Systems , 1996 .

[49]  G. Bringmann,et al.  Synthesis and helicate formation of a new family of BINOL-based bis(bipyridine) ligands. , 2009, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[50]  H. Jędrzejewska,et al.  Making a Right or Left Choice: Chiral Self-Sorting as a Tool for the Formation of Discrete Complex Structures. , 2017, Chemical reviews.

[51]  M. Komiyama,et al.  Chemistry Can Make Strict and Fuzzy Controls for Bio-Systems: DNA Nanoarchitectonics and Cell-Macromolecular Nanoarchitectonics , 2017 .

[52]  Tom Welton,et al.  Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry: REICHARDT:SOLV.EFF. 4ED O-BK , 2010 .

[53]  F. Tham,et al.  Two-component control of guest binding in a self-assembled cage molecule. , 2010, Chemical communications.

[54]  G. Schnakenburg,et al.  Homochiral supramolecular M2L4 cages by high-fidelity self-sorting of chiral ligands. , 2013, Chemistry.

[55]  K. Rissanen,et al.  Self‐Sorting Effects in the Self‐Assembly of Metallosupramolecular Rhombi from Chiral BINOL‐Derived Bis(pyridine) Ligands , 2014 .

[56]  G. Clever,et al.  Stacked platinum complexes of the magnus' salt type inside a coordination cage. , 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

[57]  H. Dodziuk.  Cyclodextrins and their complexes : chemistry, analytical methods, applications , 2006 .

[58]  D. Fairen-jimenez,et al.  Trinuclear Cage-Like Zn(II) Macrocyclic Complexes: Enantiomeric Recognition and Gas Adsorption Properties. , 2016, Chemistry.

[59]  K. Rissanen,et al.  Chiral Self-Sorting of trans-Chelating Chiral Ligands upon Formation of PdII Complexes , 2014 .

[60]  C. Tanford,et al.  Empirical correlation between hydrophobic free energy and aqueous cavity surface area. , 1974, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[61]  Timothy R Cook,et al.  Recent Developments in the Preparation and Chemistry of Metallacycles and Metallacages via Coordination. , 2015, Chemical reviews.

[62]  R. Kuroda,et al.  A quadruply stranded metallohelicate and its spontaneous dimerization into an interlocked metallohelicate. , 2008, Angewandte Chemie.

[63]  Jean-Pierre Sauvage,et al.  From Chemical Topology to Molecular Machines (Nobel Lecture). , 2017, Angewandte Chemie.

[64]  Tomohiro Sato,et al.  Mono- and dinuclear complexes of chiral tri- and tetradentate Schiff-base ligands derived from 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diamine. , 2004, Inorganic chemistry.

[65]  R. Kuroda,et al.  Anion-directed formation and degradation of an interlocked metallohelicate. , 2012, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[66]  C. Larive,et al.  Synthesis and properties of metal-ligand complexes with endohedral amine functionality. , 2011, Inorganic chemistry.

[67]  Peter Chen,et al.  Attenuation of London Dispersion in Dichloromethane Solutions. , 2017, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[68]  Alberto Credi,et al.  Molecular Machines and Motors: Recent Advances and Perspectives , 2014 .

[69]  Shigehisa Akine,et al.  Core/shell oligometallic template synthesis of macrocyclic hexaoxime. , 2007, Inorganic chemistry.

[70]  H. Maeda,et al.  Nanoscale metal coordination macrocycles fabricated by using "dimeric" dipyrrins. , 2007, Chemistry.

[71]  M. Yoshizawa,et al.  An M2L4 molecular capsule with an anthracene shell: encapsulation of large guests up to 1 nm. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[72]  T. Koike,et al.  Dynamic anion recognition by macrocyclic polyamines in neutral pH aqueous solution: development from static anion complexes to an enolate complex , 1998 .

[73]  Timothy R. Cook,et al.  Metal-organic frameworks and self-assembled supramolecular coordination complexes: comparing and contrasting the design, synthesis, and functionality of metal-organic materials. , 2013, Chemical reviews.

[74]  C. Roberts,et al.  Connecting high-temperature and low-temperature protein stability and aggregation , 2017, PloS one.

[75]  Amlan K. Pal,et al.  Palladium(II) driven self-assembly of a saturated quadruple-stranded metallo helicate. , 2012, Dalton transactions.

[76]  J. Atwood,et al.  Mixed metal-organic nanocapsules , 2010 .

[77]  M. Jennings,et al.  Macrocyclic and lantern complexes of palladium(II) with bis(amidopyridine) ligands: synthesis, structure, and host-guest chemistry. , 2004, Inorganic chemistry.

[78]  Mark D. Smith,et al.  Distance-Dependent Attractive and Repulsive Interactions of Bulky Alkyl Groups. , 2016, Angewandte Chemie.

[79]  F. Rizzuto,et al.  Stereochemical plasticity modulates cooperative binding in a CoII12L6 cuboctahedron. , 2017, Nature chemistry.

[80]  P. Corbett,et al.  Diastereoselective amplification of an induced-fit receptor from a dynamic combinatorial library. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[81]  Andrew D. Robertson,et al.  Protein Structure and the Energetics of Protein Stability. , 1997, Chemical reviews.

[82]  A. Szumna.  Inherently chiral concave molecules--from synthesis to applications. , 2010, Chemical Society reviews.

[83]  Lyle Isaacs,et al.  The cucurbit[n]uril family. , 2005, Angewandte Chemie.

[84]  T. Kunitake.  Perspectives: Synthetic Bilayer Membrane and Giant Nanomembrane. , 2016, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[85]  A. Seitsonen,et al.  Importance of van der Waals interactions in liquid water. , 2009, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[86]  N. Ponnuswamy,et al.  Discovery of an Organic Trefoil Knot , 2012, Science.

[87]  F. Diederich,et al.  Homochiral [2]Catenane and Bis[2]catenane from Alleno-Acetylenic Helicates - A Highly Selective Narcissistic Self-Sorting Process. , 2015, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[88]  M. Yoshizawa,et al.  Self-Assembly Process of a Pd2 L4 Capsule: Steric Interactions between Neighboring Components Favor the Formation of Large Intermediates. , 2018, Chemistry.

[89]  F. Diederich,et al.  Chiroptical detection of nonchromophoric, achiral guests by enantiopure alleno-acetylenic helicages. , 2014, Angewandte Chemie.

[90]  J. Bünzli,et al.  Stereocontrolled Self-Assembly and Self-Sorting of Luminescent Europium Tetrahedral Cages. , 2015, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[91]  M. Fujita,et al.  Geometrically restricted intermediates in the self-assembly of an M12L24 cuboctahedral complex. , 2015, Angewandte Chemie.

[92]  Kentaro Ishii,et al.  Hyperthermostable cube-shaped assembly in water , 2018, Communications Chemistry.

[93]  G. Clever,et al.  Inclusion of anionic guests inside a molecular cage with palladium(II) centers as electrostatic anchors. , 2009, Angewandte Chemie.

[94]  K. Rissanen,et al.  Enantiomerically pure [M(6)L(12)] or [M(12)L(24)] polyhedra from flexible bis(pyridine) ligands. , 2014, Angewandte Chemie.

[95]  K. Biradha,et al.  Metal driven self-assembly of pyridine appended ligands with cis-protected/naked Pd(II) ion: a comparative study , 2003 .

[96]  Christoffer Olsson,et al.  The Role of Trehalose for the Stabilization of Proteins. , 2016, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[97]  S. Klußmann,et al.  Stereospecificity of Oligonucleotide Interactions Revisited: No Evidence for Heterochiral Hybridization and Ribozyme/DNAzyme Activity , 2015, PloS one.

[98]  S. Cockroft,et al.  Partitioning solvophobic and dispersion forces in alkyl and perfluoroalkyl cohesion. , 2015, Angewandte Chemie.

[99]  K. Gordon,et al.  Controlled Formation of Heteroleptic [Pd2(La)2(Lb)2](4+) Cages. , 2016, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[100]  M. Shionoya,et al.  Isostructural coordination capsules for a series of 10 different d5-d10 transition-metal ions. , 2006, Angewandte Chemie.

[101]  C. Su,et al.  Creating coordination-based cavities in a multiresponsive supramolecular gel. , 2015, Chemistry.

[102]  M. Hardie,et al.  Homochiral Self‐Sorted and Emissive IrIII Metallo‐Cryptophanes , 2017, Chemistry.

[103]  C. J. McAdam,et al.  A facile "click" approach to functionalised metallosupramolecular architectures. , 2013, Chemical communications.

[104]  D. Rogers,et al.  Can Dispersion Forces Govern Aromatic Stacking in an Organic Solvent? , 2016, Angewandte Chemie.

[105]  J. Rebek,et al.  Self-Assembling Capsules. , 1997, Chemical reviews.

[106]  Peter J Stang,et al.  Supramolecular coordination: self-assembly of finite two- and three-dimensional ensembles. , 2011, Chemical reviews.

[107]  M. Takafuji,et al.  Selective Dynamic Assembly of Disulfide Macrocyclic Helical Foldamers with Remote Communication of Handedness. , 2016, Angewandte Chemie.

[108]  B Honig,et al.  Reconciling the magnitude of the microscopic and macroscopic hydrophobic effects. , 1991, Science.

[109]  David K. Smith,et al.  Lost in translation? Chirality effects in the self-assembly of nanostructured gel-phase materials. , 2009, Chemical Society reviews.

[110]  P. J. Lusby,et al.  Quantitative Analysis of Self-Assembly Process of a Pd2 L4 Cage Consisting of Rigid Ditopic Ligands. , 2018, Chemistry.

[111]  P. Stang,et al.  Self-assembly of discrete cyclic nanostructures mediated by transition metals. , 2000, Chemical reviews.

[112]  J. F. Stoddart,et al.  Emergent ion-gated binding of cationic host-guest complexes within cationic M12L24 molecular flasks. , 2014, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[113]  M. Karplus.  Behind the folding funnel diagram. , 2011, Nature chemical biology.

[114]  K. Rissanen,et al.  Enantiomerically pure trinuclear helicates via diastereoselective self-assembly and characterization of their redox chemistry. , 2014, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[115]  Hans-Jörg Schneider,et al.  Binding mechanisms in supramolecular complexes. , 2009, Angewandte Chemie.

[116]  S. Hiraoka,et al.  Quantitative Analysis of the Self-Assembly Process of a Pd12 L24 Coordination Sphere. , 2017, Chemistry, an Asian journal.

[117]  T. Higuchi,et al.  Thermodynamic group contributions from ion pair extraction equilibriums for use in the prediction of partition coefficients. Correlation of surface area with group contributions , 1973 .

[118]  M. Fujita,et al.  Functional molecular flasks: new properties and reactions within discrete, self-assembled hosts. , 2009, Angewandte Chemie.

[119]  J. Lisowski,et al.  Helicity inversion in lanthanide(III) complexes with chiral nonaaza macrocyclic ligands. , 2006, Angewandte Chemie.

[120]  G. Clever,et al.  Geometric Complementarity in Assembly and Guest Recognition of a Bent Heteroleptic cis-[Pd2LA2LB2] Coordination Cage. , 2016, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[121]  R. Kuroda,et al.  Pd2+···O3SR- interaction encourages anion encapsulation of a quadruply-stranded Pd complex to achieve chirality or high solubility. , 2011, Chemical communications.

[122]  K. Biradha,et al.  Dynamic self-assembly of an M3L6 molecular triangle and an M4L8 tetrahedron from naked Pd(II) ions and bis(3-pyridyl)-substituted arenes. , 2006, Chemistry, an Asian journal.

[123]  R. Hooley,et al.  Steric effects control self-sorting in self-assembled clusters. , 2011, Inorganic chemistry.

[124]  Hai‐Bo Yang,et al.  Construction of Supramolecular Pyrene-Modified Metallacycles via Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly and Their Spectroscopic Behavior , 2013 .

[125]  M. Yoshizawa,et al.  Anisotropic expansion of an M2L4 coordination capsule: host capability and frame rearrangement. , 2015, Chemistry.

[126]  K. Rissanen,et al.  Self-assembly of metallosupramolecular rhombi from chiral concave 9,9’-spirobifluorene-derived bis(pyridine) ligands , 2014, Beilstein journal of organic chemistry.

[127]  M. Fujita,et al.  Finite, spherical coordination networks that self-organize from 36 small components. , 2004, Angewandte Chemie.

[128]  Hongke Liu,et al.  Synthesis and crystal structures of silver(I), palladium(II), zinc(II) and cobalt(II) complexes of the ditoptic ligand 1,3-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene , 2001 .

[129]  M. Shionoya,et al.  A self-assembled organic capsule formed from the union of six hexagram-shaped amphiphile molecules. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[130]  M. Malfois,et al.  Vernier templating and synthesis of a 12-porphyrin nano-ring , 2011, Nature.

[131]  Andrew G. Leach,et al.  Binding affinities of host-guest, protein-ligand, and protein-transition-state complexes. , 2003, Angewandte Chemie.

[132]  A. Szumna,et al.  A self-assembled chiral capsule with polar interior. , 2009, Chemical communications.

[133]  A. Casini,et al.  Evaluation of New Palladium Cages as Potential Delivery Systems for the Anticancer Drug Cisplatin. , 2016, Chemistry.

[134]  S. Grimme,et al.  Enantiomerenreine [M6L12]‐ oder [M12L24]‐Polyeder aus flexiblen Bis(pyridin)‐Liganden , 2014 .

[135]  M. Fujita,et al.  24-fold endohedral functionalization of a self-assembled M12L24 coordination nanoball. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[136]  Jean-Marie Lehn,et al.  Toward Self-Organization and Complex Matter , 2002, Science.

[137]  Shuichi Hiraoka,et al.  Self-Assembly Process of Dodecanuclear Pt(II)-Linked Cyclic Hexagon. , 2015, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[138]  B Honig,et al.  Extracting hydrophobic free energies from experimental data: relationship to protein folding and theoretical models. , 1991, Biochemistry.

[139]  Lynne Regan,et al.  Construction and Design of ‚-Sheets , 1997 .

[140]  S. Fukuzumi,et al.  Assembly and stepwise oxidation of interpenetrated coordination cages based on phenothiazine. , 2013, Angewandte Chemie.

[141]  Hiroshi Sugiyama,et al.  Nature-Inspired Design of Smart Biomaterials Using the Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids , 2016 .

[142]  R. Full,et al.  Evidence for van der Waals adhesion in gecko setae , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[143]  Yinghua Jin,et al.  Recent Advances in Dynamic Covalent Chemistry , 2013 .

[144]  E. Yashima,et al.  Chirality- and sequence-selective successive self-sorting via specific homo- and complementary-duplex formations , 2015, Nature Communications.

[145]  A. Casini,et al.  Self-assembled M2L4 coordination cages: Synthesis and potential applications , 2014 .

[146]  D. Stalke,et al.  Light-triggered guest uptake and release by a photochromic coordination cage. , 2013, Angewandte Chemie.

[147]  Jeffrey S. Moore,et al.  Shape-persistent macrocycles: structures and synthetic approaches from arylene and ethynylene building blocks. , 2006, Angewandte Chemie.

[148]  P. Stang,et al.  MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE VIA COORDINATION : SELF-ASSEMBLY OF NANOSCALE PLATINUM CONTAINING MOLECULAR HEXAGONS , 1997 .

[149]  Jeremy K. Burdett.  Substitution reactions at square-planar d8 metal centers and the kinetic cis and trans effects. A general molecular orbital description , 1977 .

[150]  J. Siegel,et al.  Wide-ranging host capability of a Pd(II)-linked M2L4 molecular capsule with an anthracene shell. , 2013, Chemistry.

[151]  K. A. Connors,et al.  Stability and structure of some organic molecular complexes in aqueous solution. , 1970, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[152]  M. Fujita,et al.  Polymerisation of an Anionic Monomer in a Self-Assembled M12L24 Coordination Sphere with Cationic Interior , 2008 .

[153]  H. Hauptman,et al.  Valinomycin Crystal Structure Determination by Direct Methods , 1972, Science.

[154]  Tomohiko Yamaguchi,et al.  Coordination-directed self-assembly of M12L24 nanocage: effects of kinetic trapping on the assembly process. , 2014, ACS nano.

[155]  S. Hiraoka,et al.  Multiple Pathways in the Self-Assembly Process of a Pd4L8 Coordination Tetrahedron. , 2018, Inorganic chemistry.

[156]  Scott L Cockroft,et al.  How much do van der Waals dispersion forces contribute to molecular recognition in solution? , 2013, Nature chemistry.