Multi-band Whistler-mode Chorus Emissions Observed by the Cluster Spacecraft

Whistler-mode chorus emissions are one of the most significant mechanisms causing the acceleration of electrons in the outer Van Allen radiation belt to relativistic energies. They consist of individual wave packets divided into two frequency bands separated close to the source region by a gap at 1/2 of the electron cyclotron frequency (fce). This configuration is called banded chorus and it is correlated with magnetic activity. Landau damping is one of the possible explanations describing the existence of the gap. On the other hand, the role of ducts in its formation was also discussed. We present several events of chorus combined with noisy or shapeless chorus-like emissions that are arranged in three or more frequency bands with two or more gaps and are observed mostly in a magnetic latitude range from 3 to 10 degrees on the both sides of the equator. We investigate possible influences of the magnetic local time (MLT), the Kp index, the McIlwain parameter and the plasma density on the formation of these multi-band emissions.

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