Towards a More Comprehensive Estimation of Social Costs in Pedestrian Facilities

This paper discusses several improvements to the computational model of MakkSim, with the aim of allowing simulation of aged people as well as persons with mobility impairments. In particular, a method for modelling heterogeneity in speed is discussed and two special objects of the environment (i.e., stairs and seats), have been defined; in addition, a proposal for modelling the presence of a caretaker is described as a particular type of group of pedestrians. Finally, the paper presents a way of computing social costs implied by the environment taking into account the characteristics of pedestrians moving throughout the related facilities. The overall objective is to achieve a system usable for the evaluation of the usability and accessibility of planned environments and facilities by means of simulation, by also taking into account this category of people.

[1]  J. Kerridge,et al.  Human Movement Behaviour in Urban Spaces: Implications for the Design and Modelling of Effective Pedestrian Environments , 2004 .

[2]  A. Schadschneider,et al.  Ordering in bidirectional pedestrian flows and its influence on the fundamental diagram , 2011, 1107.5246.

[3]  A. Schadschneider,et al.  Simulation of pedestrian dynamics using a two dimensional cellular automaton , 2001 .

[4]  Marco Costa,et al.  Interpersonal Distances in Group Walking , 2010 .

[5]  Hubert Ludwig Kluepfel,et al.  A Cellular automaton model for crowd movement and egress simulation , 2003 .

[6]  W. Whyte.  City: Rediscovering the Center , 1988 .

[7]  Andreas Schadschneider,et al.  Friction effects and clogging in a cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics. , 2003, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[8]  Stefania Bandini,et al.  Heterogeneous Speed Profiles in Discrete Models for Pedestrian Simulation , 2014, ArXiv.

[9]  A. Schadschneider,et al.  Discretization effects and the influence of walking speed in cellular automata models for pedestrian dynamics , 2004 .

[10]  Ulrich Weidmann,et al.  Transporttechnik der Fussgänger: Transporttechnische Eigenschaften des Fussgängerverkehrs, Literaturauswertung , 1992 .

[11]  Marco Petrelli,et al.  Walkability Indicators for Pedestrian-Friendly Design , 2014 .

[12]  John J. Fruin,et al.  Pedestrian planning and design , 1971 .

[13]  Peter Vortisch,et al.  Comparison of Various Methods for the Calculation of the Distance Potential Field , 2008, ArXiv.

[14]  Standort Duisburg,et al.  A Cellular Automaton Model for Crowd Movement and Egress Simulation , 2003 .