Fabrication and characterizations of hydrogels for cartilage repair

Several polymers are being used in the medical and pharmaceutical fields for various purposes such as accurate drug delivery, tissue repair, suturing and many more. Natural polysaccharides are highly versatile polymeric materials.1 They are proven to have many biomedical applications from their ability in living cell encapsulation, bone and cartilage repair to the making of biocompatible scaffolds used for tissue regeneration. The properties of polysaccharides are related to the chemical composition of the macromolecules they consist of. These properties can be tailored depending on the intended use. Polysaccharides are found in abundant quantities, for example, cellulose is known to be the most abundant organic component found on earth. They are available from several natural sources such as animals in the forms of chitin and chondroitin; from plants in the forms of pectin and guar gum; algae in the forms of alginates and agar; fungi in the forms of xanthan gum and gellan. Polysaccharides have been used as food additives and have applications in cosmetic products.1

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