Early Response of the Canine Respiratory Tract Following Long-Term Exposure to a Sulfur(IV) Aerosol at Low Concentration. V. Morphology and Morphometry

AbstractThe respiratory system of eight male beagle dogs was examined morphologically and morphometrically after continuous exposure for 290 days to a respirable sulfur(IV) aerosol at a concentration equivalent to a sulfur dioxide (SO2)concentration of 0.6 mg m−3. Three dogs served as unexposed controls.Seven of eight exposed dogs showed hyperplastic changes in the respiratory mucosa of the posterior nasal cavity. The changes were characterized by a thickened epithelial layer resulting from epithelial proliferation, by a loss of secretory material, and by moderate mononuclear cell infiltration. Four of eight exposed dogs had an increased number of nonciliated cells and slight mononuclear cell infiltration in the larynx. Tracheal changes were limited to an increased number of nonciliated cells in the membranous portion. Transmission electron microscopy TEM) showed the changes in the trachea to be caused by disorder in the development of ciliated cells.Morphometric examination of the pulmonary alveolar regi...

[1]  C. Scheibenbogen,et al.  Effects of SO2 exposure on allergic sensitization in the guinea pig. , 1988, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[2]  C. R. Taylor,et al.  Maximal oxygen consumption and pulmonary diffusing capacity: a direct comparison of physiologic and morphometric measurements in canids. , 1983, Respiration physiology.

[3]  J. Drazen,et al.  Chronic exposure to sulfur dioxide. Physiologic and histologic evaluation of dogs exposed to 50 or 15 ppm. , 1987, The American review of respiratory disease.

[4]  E R Weibel,et al.  Comparison of two subsampling methods for electron microscopic morphometry * , 1981, Journal of microscopy.

[5]  E. Weibel,et al.  Morphometric estimation of pulmonary diffusion capacity. II. Effect of Po2 on the growing lung, adaption of the growing rat lung to hypoxia and hyperoxia. , 1971, Respiration physiology.

[6]  E. Weibel.  Morphometry: Stereological Theory and Practical Methods , 1990 .

[7]  E. Weibel.  Morphometric estimation of pulmonary diffusion capacity. I. Model and method. , 1970, Respiration physiology.

[8]  S. Takenaka,et al.  An approach to unbiased sampling of pulmonary structures for morphometric analysis , 1993 .

[9]  C. Plopper,et al.  Structure as revealed by airway dissection. A comparison of mammalian lungs. , 1983, The American review of respiratory disease.

[10]  J. Heyder,et al.  Early Response of the Canine Respiratory Tract Following Long-Term Exposure to a Sulfur(IV) Aerosol at low Concentration. II. Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Lung Lavage Fluid , 1992 .

[11]  E. Weibel,et al.  Morphometric estimation of pulmonary diffusion capacity. IV. The normal dog lung. , 1971, Respiration physiology.

[12]  W. Scherle,et al.  A simple method for volumetry of organs in quantitative stereology. , 1970, Mikroskopie.

[13]  Saunders Lz,et al.  Experimental chronic bronchitis. Pathology in the dog. , 1974 .

[14]  J. Crapo,et al.  Comparison of total lung diffusion capacity and the membrane component of diffusion capacity as determined by physiologic and morphometric techniques. , 1983, Respiration physiology.

[15]  J. Crapo,et al.  Application of morphometric methods to study diffuse and focal injury in the lung caused by toxic agents. , 1985, Critical reviews in toxicology.

[16]  R. Schlesinger,et al.  Response of the bronchial mucociliary clearance system in rabbits to inhaled sulfite and sulfuric acid aerosols. , 1983, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[17]  T. Tuch,et al.  Design, operation and performance of whole body chambers for long-term aerosol exposure of large experimental animals , 1992 .

[18]  D. Hyde,et al.  Morphometric and morphologic evaluation of pulmonary lesions in beagle dogs chronically exposed to high ambient levels of air pollutants. , 1978, Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology.

[19]  Y. Alarie,et al.  Long-term continuous exposure of guinea pigs to sulfur dioxide. , 1970, Archives of environmental health.

[20]  L M Cruz-Orive,et al.  Application of the Cavalieri principle and vertical sections method to lung: estimation of volume and pleural surface area , 1988, Journal of microscopy.

[21]  J. Crapo,et al.  Lung tissue and capillary blood volumes by rebreathing and morphometric techniques. , 1982, Respiration physiology.

[22]  J. Drazen,et al.  Experimental induction of chronic bronchitis in dogs: effects on airway obstruction and responsiveness. , 1982, The American review of respiratory disease.

[23]  E. Weibel.  Stereological Methods. Practical methods for biological morphometry , 1979 .

[24]  Y. Alarie,et al.  Respiratory system flow resistance with digital computer techniques. Measured in cynomolgus monkeys and guinea pigs. , 1970, Archives of environmental health.

[25]  Holger Schulz,et al.  Early Response of the Canine Respiratory Tract Following Long-Term Exposure to a Sulfur(IV) Aerosol at Low Concentration. I. Rationale, Design, Methodology, and Summary , 1992 .

[26]  R. Yoder,et al.  SO2 (35S labeled) absorption by the nose and mouth under conditions of varying concentration and flow. , 1969, Archives of environmental health.

[27]  R. Henderson,et al.  Sulfur dioxide-induced chronic bronchitis in beagle dogs. , 1984, Journal of toxicology and environmental health.

[28]  Y. Jammes,et al.  Interaction between SO2 and cold-induced bronchospasm in anesthetized rabbits. , 1988, Respiration physiology.

[29]  L M Cruz-Orive,et al.  Estimation of surface area from vertical sections , 1986, Journal of microscopy.

[30]  J. Last,et al.  Inhalation toxicology of sodium sulfite aerosols in rats. , 1980, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.

[31]  Shinji Takenaka,et al.  Early Response of the Canine Respiratory Tract Following Long-Term Exposure to a Sulfur(IV) Aerosol at low Concentration. III. Macrophage-Mediated Long-Term Particle Clearance , 1992 .

[32]  J. Drazen,et al.  Morphologic correlation of physiologic changes caused by SO2-induced bronchitis in dogs. The role of inflammation. , 1984, The American review of respiratory disease.

[33]  L. Reid,et al.  Experimental chronic bronchitis. , 1983, International review of experimental pathology.

[34]  Early Response of the Canine Respiratory Tract Following Long-Term Exposure to a Sulfur(IV) Aerosol at Low Concentration. IV. Respiratory Lung Function , 1992 .

[35]  C. Plopper,et al.  The response of the macaque tracheobronchial epithelium to acute ozone injury. A quantitative ultrastructural and autoradiographic study. , 1984, The American journal of pathology.

[36]  L M Cruz-Orive,et al.  Sampling designs for stereology * , 1981, Journal of microscopy.

[37]  Brian P. Leaderer,et al.  Airway effects of low concentrations of sulfur dioxide: dose-response characteristics. , 1984, Archives of environmental health.

[38]  E B Hunziker,et al.  Stereology for anisotropic cells: Application to growth cartilage * , 1986, Journal of microscopy.

[39]  E. Weibel,et al.  Allometric analysis of the morphometric pulmonary diffusing capacity in dogs , 1981, Journal of morphology.

[40]  D. Ainsworth,et al.  Functional changes in the lungs of guinea pigs exposed to sodium sulfite aerosols. , 1987, Toxicology and applied pharmacology.