Computer Simulations of Granular Materials

Modern industrial materials include many examples classified as powders or granular solids. These range from the fine particulates, which are used in the food and the pharmaceutical industries to the coarse aggregates used for construction and earthworking. This category, “granular solids,” also includes many materials that occur naturally, in vast quantities, such as grain, sand, coal, and soil. Granular materials are also involved in a wide range of industrially important operations and processes. Thus in addition to complex flows, such as chute flow, hopper discharge, pneumatic conveying, and surface avalanches, granular materials are regularly subjected to compaction, segregation, granulation, fines production and fluidization, and so on. Finally, random packings of solid particles comprise integral parts of industrial plants, occurring in or around filters, catalytic reaction surfaces, and protective barriers.

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