Plasma HDL cholesterol and risk of myocardial infarction: a mendelian randomisation study

John Spertus | Markus Perola | Eric Boerwinkle | Vincent Mooser | Kari Stefansson | Olle Melander | Pieter W Kamphuisen | Leena Peltonen | Nilesh J Samani | Andreas Ziegler | Cisca Wijmenga | Christopher J O'Donnell | Danish Saleheen | Juha Sinisalo | Bruna Gigante | Michael Boehnke | Gudmar Thorleifsson | Sekar Kathiresan | Marju Orho-Melander | Erik Ingelsson | Diether Lambrechts | Muredach P Reilly | Diederick E Grobbee | Samuli Ripatti | Ida Surakka | Jeanette Erdmann | Heribert Schunkert | Marja-Liisa Lokki | David Altshuler | John Danesh | Veikko Salomaa | Stefan Schreiber | Christian Hengstenberg | Diego Ardissino | Aki Havulinna | Arne Schäfer | Stefan Blankenberg | Tanja Zeller | Roberto Elosua | Jaume Marrugat | Ruth McPherson | Serkalem Demissie | Mark J Daly | Inke R König | Cristen Willer | Kim Overvad | Klaus Berger | Arne Schillert | Shaun Purcell | Kiran Musunuru | Robert Roberts | L Adrienne Cupples | Unnur Thorsteinsdottir | John Peden | Gonçalo R Abecasis | Joseph Devaney | Stacey Gabriel | Jemma C Hopewell | Karen L Mohlke | Ulf de Faire | Anthonius de Boer | Monika Stoll | Robert Clarke | J. Danesh | E. Rimm | S. Gabriel | M. Daly | G. Abecasis | U. Thorsteinsdóttir | L. Peltonen | K. Stefánsson | D. Altshuler | Mingyao Li | E. Boerwinkle | V. Salomaa | M. Perola | C. Wijmenga | M. Boehnke | I. König | A. Ziegler | J. Boer | N. Samani | A. Hall | P. D. de Bakker | S. Purcell | M. Nieminen | F. Van de Werf | J. Spertus | G. Thorleifsson | M. Reilly | D. Rader | D. Girelli | N. Martinelli | G. Thorgeirsson | J. Erdmann | C. Hengstenberg | M. Fischer | S. Blankenberg | H. Schunkert | K. Overvad | D. Siscovick | S. Schreiber | D. Grobbee | J. Peden | D. Lambrechts | S. Ripatti | E. Ingelsson | Arne S Schäfer | J. Schrezenmeir | D. Rubin | K. Mohlke | C. Willer | B. Voight | N. Burtt | S. Kathiresan | O. Melander | C. Newton-Cheh | M. Orho-Melander | C. Guiducci | Aarti Surti | D. Ardissino | E. Ding | A. Havulinna | J. Ordovás | I. Surakka | C. Willenborg | H. Hólm | V. Mooser | L. Cupples | U. de Faire | C. O’Donnell | R. McPherson | R. Do | G. Peloso | R. Elosua | D. Saleheen | H. Watkins | C. Elbers | T. Johnson | K. Berger | R. Clarke | B. Gigante | S. Schwartz | M. Burnett | S. Epstein | John F. Thompson | Sonia S Anand | J. Marrugat | W. Verschuren | K. Musunuru | J. Engert | K. Fox | M. Lokki | J. Sinisalo | R. Frikke-Schmidt | A. Rasheed | A. Tybjaerg-hansen | T. Zeller | P. Wild | A. Schillert | P. Diemert | Y. T. van der Schouw | N. Onland-Moret | J. Hopewell | A. de Boer | C. Patterson | P. Mannucci | O. Klungel | P. Kamphuisen | S. Demissie | A. Stewart | M. Hofker | M. Jensen | N. E. El Mokhtari | R. Roberts | Li Chen | P. Frossard | A. H. Maitland‐van der Zee | J. Pirruccello | M. Barbalić | M. Stoll | J. Devaney | V. Deneer | B. Peters | G. Hindy | I. Buysschaert | P. McKeown | T. Morgan | Elena Gonzalez | Christopher Newton-Cheh | Domenico Girelli | Nicola Martinelli | Daniel J Rader | Gudmundur Thorgeirsson | Ron Do | Benjamin F Voight | Paul I W de Bakker | Markku S Nieminen | Gina M Peloso | Eric L Ding | Ruth Frikke-Schmidt | David Siscovick | Yvonne T van der Schouw | Stephen M Schwartz | Jürgen Schrezenmeir | Christina Willenborg | Candace Guiducci | Aarti Surti | Noël P Burtt | Jose M Ordovas | Toby Johnson | Hugh Watkins | Marten H Hofker | Mingyao Li | James C Engert | Alistair S Hall | Olaf H Klungel | Frans Van de Werf | Eric Rimm | Hilma Hólm | Philipp Wild | Sonia Anand | Majken K Jensen | Keith A Fox | N Charlotte Onland-Moret | Ian Buysschaert | Christopher C Patterson | Stephen E Epstein | Li Chen | Asif Rasheed | Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen | Elena Gonzalez | Pier M Mannucci | Clara C Elbers | Thomas Morgan | Pascal P McKeown | Marcus Fischer | Mary-Susan Burnett | Maja Barbalic | Anke-Hilse Maitland-van der Zee | Philippe Frossard | Bas J M Peters | George Hindy | Nour Eddine El Mokhtari | WM Monique Verschuren | Patrick Diemert | Diana Rubin | John F Thompson | James P Pirruccello | Alexandre FR Stewart | Vera H M Deneer | Jolanda MA Boer | S. Schreiber | R. Elosúa | P. Mckeown | C. Newton‐Cheh | Diana Rubin

[1]  George Davey Smith,et al.  Using multiple genetic variants as instrumental variables for modifiable risk factors , 2012, Statistical methods in medical research.

[2]  P. Toth LCAT, HDL Cholesterol and Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study of HDL Cholesterol in 54,500 Individuals , 2012 .

[3]  William Weintraub,et al.  Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy. , 2011, The New England journal of medicine.

[4]  Christian Gieger,et al.  Genetic Variants in Novel Pathways Influence Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease Risk , 2011, Nature.

[5]  N. Mehta Large-scale association analysis identifies 13 new susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease. , 2011, Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics.

[6]  Thomas W. Mühleisen,et al.  Large-scale association analysis identifies 13 new susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease , 2011, Nature Genetics.

[7]  Robert L Wilensky,et al.  Cholesterol efflux capacity, high-density lipoprotein function, and atherosclerosis. , 2011, The New England journal of medicine.

[8]  P. Toth Cholesterol Efflux Capacity, High-Density Lipoprotein Function, and Atherosclerosis , 2011 .

[9]  Christopher P Cannon,et al.  Safety of anacetrapib in patients with or at high risk for coronary heart disease. , 2010, The New England journal of medicine.

[10]  D. Absher,et al.  Design of the Coronary ARtery DIsease Genome-Wide Replication And Meta-Analysis (CARDIoGRAM) Study: A Genome-Wide Association Meta-analysis Involving More Than 22 000 Cases and 60 000 Controls , 2010, Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics.

[11]  Tanya M. Teslovich,et al.  Biological, Clinical, and Population Relevance of 95 Loci for Blood Lipids , 2010, Nature.

[12]  Simon C. Potter,et al.  Association of the 9p21.3 Locus With Risk of First-Ever Myocardial Infarction in Pakistanis: Case-Control Study in South Asia and Updated Meta-Analysis of Europeans , 2010, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[13]  D. Lambrechts,et al.  Genetic evidence for a role of IL33 in nasal polyposis , 2010, Allergy.

[14]  F. Van de Werf,et al.  A variant at chromosome 9p21 is associated with recurrent myocardial infarction and cardiac death after acute coronary syndrome: the GRACE Genetics Study. , 2010, European heart journal.

[15]  G. Moneta,et al.  Major Lipids, Apolipoproteins, and Risk of Vascular Disease , 2010 .

[16]  R. Collins,et al.  Genetic variants associated with Lp(a) lipoprotein level and coronary disease. , 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

[17]  David J Hunter,et al.  Sex hormone-binding globulin and risk of type 2 diabetes in women and men. , 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

[18]  R. McPherson,et al.  Kinesin family member 6 variant Trp719Arg does not associate with angiographically defined coronary artery disease in the Ottawa Heart Genomics Study. , 2009, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[19]  H. Kalbitzer,et al.  Macrophage cholesterol efflux correlates with lipoprotein subclass distribution and risk of obstructive coronary artery disease in patients undergoing coronary angiography , 2009, Lipids in Health and Disease.

[20]  B. Nordestgaard,et al.  Hepatic lipase, genetically elevated high-density lipoprotein, and risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease. , 2009, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[21]  E. Rimm,et al.  Loss-of-function variants in endothelial lipase are a cause of elevated HDL cholesterol in humans. , 2009, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[22]  Daniel F. Schwarz,et al.  New susceptibility locus for coronary artery disease on chromosome 3q22.3 , 2009, Nature Genetics.

[23]  Alberto Piazza,et al.  Genome-wide association of early-onset myocardial infarction with single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants , 2009, Nature Genetics.

[24]  N. Unwin,et al.  Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National , 2009 .

[25]  S. Hazen,et al.  The transcription factor GATA-2 does not associate with angiographic coronary artery disease in the Ottawa Heart Genomics and Cleveland Clinic GeneBank Studies , 2009, Human Genetics.

[26]  R. Collins,et al.  Common variants at 30 loci contribute to polygenic dyslipidemia , 2009, Nature Genetics.

[27]  Mark I. McCarthy,et al.  Concept, Design and Implementation of a Cardiovascular Gene-Centric 50 K SNP Array for Large-Scale Genomic Association Studies , 2008, PloS one.

[28]  Børge G Nordestgaard,et al.  Genetically elevated C-reactive protein and ischemic vascular disease. , 2008, The New England journal of medicine.

[29]  J. Danesh,et al.  Association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein genotypes with CETP mass and activity, lipid levels, and coronary risk. , 2008, JAMA.

[30]  Børge G Nordestgaard,et al.  Association of loss-of-function mutations in the ABCA1 gene with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and risk of ischemic heart disease. , 2008, JAMA.

[31]  George Davey Smith,et al.  Mendelian randomization: Using genes as instruments for making causal inferences in epidemiology , 2008, Statistics in medicine.

[32]  Olle Melander,et al.  Polymorphisms associated with cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular events. , 2008, The New England journal of medicine.

[33]  R. Collins,et al.  Newly identified loci that influence lipid concentrations and risk of coronary artery disease , 2008, Nature Genetics.

[34]  R. Collins,et al.  Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55 000 vascular deaths , 2007, The Lancet.

[35]  M. Caulfield,et al.  Effects of torcetrapib in patients at high risk for coronary events. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[36]  Manuel A. R. Ferreira,et al.  PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses. , 2007, American journal of human genetics.

[37]  C. Gieger,et al.  Genomewide association analysis of coronary artery disease. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[38]  A. Tjønneland,et al.  Study design, exposure variables, and socioeconomic determinants of participation in Diet, Cancer and Health: A population-based prospective cohort study of 57,053 men and women in Denmark , 2007, Scandinavian journal of public health.

[39]  G. Berglund,et al.  Elevated Lp-PLA2 Levels Add Prognostic Information to the Metabolic Syndrome on Incidence of Cardiovascular Events Among Middle-Aged Nondiabetic Subjects , 2007, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[40]  D. Levy,et al.  Multiple biomarkers for the prediction of first major cardiovascular events and death. , 2006, The New England journal of medicine.

[41]  Jonathan C. Cohen,et al.  Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease. , 2006, The New England journal of medicine.

[42]  L. Smeeth,et al.  Limits to causal inference based on Mendelian randomization: a comparison with randomized controlled trials. , 2006, American journal of epidemiology.

[43]  Michael Krawczak,et al.  PopGen: Population-Based Recruitment of Patients and Controls for the Analysis of Complex Genotype-Phenotype Relationships , 2006, Public Health Genomics.

[44]  Lan Li,et al.  Endothelial lipase modulates HDL but has no effect on atherosclerosis development in apoE−/− and LDLR−/− mices⃞s⃞ The online version of this article (available at http://www.jlr.org) contains an additional table. Published, JLR Papers in Press, September 30, 2005. DOI 10.1194/jlr.M500366-JLR200 , 2005, Journal of Lipid Research.

[45]  J. Odeberg,et al.  Serum matrix metalloproteinase‐3 concentration is influenced by MMP‐3 −1612 5A/6A promoter genotype and associated with myocardial infarction , 2005, Journal of internal medicine.

[46]  R. Collins,et al.  Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90 056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins , 2005, The Lancet.

[47]  R. Schnabel,et al.  Genetic Analysis of the Interleukin-18 System Highlights the Role of the Interleukin-18 Gene in Cardiovascular Disease , 2005, Circulation.

[48]  C. Gieger,et al.  KORA-gen - Resource for Population Genetics, Controls and a Broad Spectrum of Disease Phenotypes , 2005 .

[49]  Sungshin Y. Choi,et al.  Endothelial Lipase Modulates Susceptibility to Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein-E-deficient Mice* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[50]  M. B. Katan,et al.  Apolipoprotein E isoforms, serum cholesterol, and cancer , 2004 .

[51]  S. Ebrahim,et al.  Mendelian randomization: prospects, potentials, and limitations. , 2004, International journal of epidemiology.

[52]  A. Folsom,et al.  Coronary heart disease risk prediction in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. , 2003, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[53]  Jonathan D. Cohen,et al.  Monogenic hypercholesterolemia: new insights in pathogenesis and treatment. , 2003, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[54]  S. Ebrahim,et al.  'Mendelian randomization': can genetic epidemiology contribute to understanding environmental determinants of disease? , 2003, International journal of epidemiology.

[55]  Sungshin Y. Choi,et al.  Endothelial lipase is a major determinant of HDL level. , 2003, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[56]  D. Rader,et al.  Identification of Genetic Variants in Endothelial Lipase in Persons With Elevated High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol , 2002, Circulation.

[57]  S. Thompson,et al.  Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis , 2002, Statistics in medicine.

[58]  S. Blankenberg,et al.  Impact of Viral and Bacterial Infectious Burden on Long-Term Prognosis in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease , 2001, Circulation.

[59]  E. Rimm,et al.  Plasma leptin concentrations and four-year weight gain among US men , 2001, International Journal of Obesity.

[60]  J. Mckenney,et al.  Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). , 2001, JAMA.

[61]  R. Collins,et al.  Underestimation of risk associations due to regression dilution in long-term follow-up of prospective studies. , 1999, American journal of epidemiology.

[62]  C. Hogstedt,et al.  Higher relative, but lower absolute risks of myocardial infarction in women than in men: analysis of some major risk factors in the S heep study , 1999 .

[63]  A Ahlbom,et al.  Higher relative, but lower absolute risks of myocardial infarction in women than in men: analysis of some major risk factors in the SHEEP study. The SHEEP Study Group. , 1999, Journal of internal medicine.

[64]  S Hulley,et al.  Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. , 1998, JAMA.

[65]  Bryan Langholz,et al.  Risk set sampling in epidemiologic cohort studies , 1996 .

[66]  G. Berglund,et al.  Design and feasibility , 1993 .

[67]  G. Berglund,et al.  The Malmo Diet and Cancer Study. Design and feasibility. , 1993, Journal of internal medicine.

[68]  R. Gray,et al.  How to avoid bias when comparing bone marrow transplantation with chemotherapy. , 1991, Bone marrow transplantation.

[69]  D. Gordon,et al.  A Single Cholesterol Measurement Underestimates the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: An Empirical Example From the Lipid Research Clinics Mortality Follow-up Study , 1990 .

[70]  W. Kannel,et al.  An investigation of coronary heart disease in families. The Framingham offspring study. , 1979, American journal of epidemiology.