Barometric Tides from ECMWF Operational Analyses

Abstract. The solar diurnal and semidiurnal tidal oscillations in surface pressure are extracted from the operational analysis product of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF). For the semidiurnal tide this involves a special temporal interpolation, following Van den Dool et al. (1997). The resulting tides are compared with a "ground truth" tide data set, a compilation of well-determined tide estimates deduced from many long time series of station barometer measurements. These comparisons show that the ECMWF (analysis) tides are significantly more accurate than the tides deduced from two other widely available reanalysis products. Spectral analysis of ECMWF pressure series shows that the tides consist of sharp central peaks with modulating sidelines at integer multiples of 1 cycle/year, superimposed on a broad cusp of stochastic energy. The integrated energy in the cusp dominates that of the side-lines. This complicates the development of a simple empirical model that can characterize the full temporal variability of the tides. Key words. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (waves and tides)

[1]  J. Wahr,et al.  Can surface pressure be used to remove atmospheric , 2001 .

[2]  R. Ray.  Comparisons of global analyses and station observations of the S2 barometric tide , 2001 .

[3]  Junhong Wang,et al.  Diurnal and Semidiurnal Tides in Global Surface Pressure Fields , 1999 .

[4]  R. Ponte,et al.  Regional analysis of the inverted barometer effect over the global ocean using TOPEX/POSEIDON data and model results , 1999 .

[5]  F. Bryan,et al.  Time variability of the Earth's gravity field: Hydrological and oceanic effects and their possible detection using GRACE , 1998 .

[6]  R. Ray.  Diurnal oscillations in atmospheric pressure at twenty‐five small oceanic islands , 1998 .

[7]  J. Hack,et al.  Semidiurnal Variations in the Budget of Angular Momentum in a General Circulation Model and in the Real Atmosphere , 1998 .

[8]  R. Lindzen,et al.  Anomalous short wave absorption and atmospheric tides , 1998 .

[9]  Suranjana Saha,et al.  A temporal interpolation method to obtain hourly atmospheric surface pressure tides in Reanalysis 1979-1995 , 1997 .

[10]  C. Wunsch,et al.  Atmospheric loading and the oceanic “inverted barometer” effect , 1997 .

[11]  Carl Wunsch,et al.  The global frequency-wavenumber spectrum of oceanic variability estimated from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetric measurements , 1995 .

[12]  Richard B. Rood,et al.  An assimilated dataset for Earth science applications , 1993 .

[13]  R. Ponte.  Variability in a homogeneous global ocean forced by barometric pressure , 1993 .

[14]  Andrew P. Ingersoll,et al.  Dynamics in Atmospheric Physics , 1992 .

[15]  B. Hoskins,et al.  Tidal fluctuations as seen in ECMWF data , 1989 .

[16]  Francis W. Zwiers,et al.  Simulation of solar tides in the Canadian Climate Centre general circulation model , 1986 .

[17]  R. Garcia,et al.  Theory and observations of the short‐period normal mode oscillations of the atmosphere , 1986 .

[18]  K. Hamilton.  Quasi-Biennial and Other Long-Period Variations in the Solar Semidiurnal Barometric Oscillation: Observations, Theory and Possible Application to the Problem of Monitoring Changes in Global Ozone , 1983 .

[19]  N. S. Cooper.  Inferring solar UV variability from the atmospheric tide , 1982 .

[20]  K. Hamilton.  The geographical distribution of the solar semidiurnal surface pressure oscillation , 1980 .

[21]  B. Haurwitz,et al.  The diurnal and semidiurnal barometric oscillations global distribution and annual variation , 1973 .

[22]  S. Chapman,et al.  A comparison of the annual mean solar and lunar atmospheric tides in barometric pressure, as regards their worldwide distribution of amplitude and phase , 1956 .

[23]  B. Haurwitz.  The geographical distribution of the solar semidiurnal pressure oscillation , 1956 .

[24]  M. Wilkes.  Oscillations of the earth's atmosphere , 1949 .

[25]  B. Haurwitz.  Atmospheric Tides , 1904, Nature.