Integrated Design and Retrofit of Buildings

In this chapter, energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies are integrated to design and retrofit buildings to be low-energy or net-zero energy users. In particular, optimization methodologies are described and applied to determine the best combinations of energy efficiency strategies and solar thermal and photovoltaic systems to reduce the reliance of residential and commercial buildings on primary energy resources. Both source energy use and life-cycle cost are accounted for in the optimization procedure to design or retrofit buildings. In addition to the optimization techniques, general guidelines are provided to select the most cost-effective energy efficiency measures suitable to improve the energy performance of residential and commercial buildings. Specific case studies are provided throughout the chapter to illustrate the applications of integrated design and retrofit techniques.

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