Casualty Modeling for Real-Time Medical Training

We present a model for simulating casualties in virtual environments for real-time medical training. It allows a user to choose diagnostic and therapeutic actions to carry out on a simulated casualty who will manifest appropriate physiological, behavioral, and physical responses. Currently, the user or a stealth instructor can specify one or more injuries that the casualty has sustained. The model responds by continuously determining the state of the casualty, responding appropriately to medical assessment and treatment procedures. So far, we have modeled four medical conditions and over 20 procedures. The model has been designed to handle the addition of other injuries and medical procedures.

[1]  H. Champion,et al.  Trauma score , 1981, Critical care medicine.

[2]  Craig W. Reynolds Flocks, herds, and schools: a distributed behavioral model , 1987, SIGGRAPH.

[3]  Thomas W. Calvert,et al.  Goal-directed, dynamic animation of human walking , 1989, SIGGRAPH.

[4]  David Zeltzer,et al.  Dynamic simulation of autonomous legged locomotion , 1990, SIGGRAPH.

[5]  Daniel Thalmann,et al.  A vision-based approach to behavioural animation , 1990, Comput. Animat. Virtual Worlds.

[6]  Jessica K. Hodgins,et al.  Animation of dynamic legged locomotion , 1991, SIGGRAPH.

[7]  C. Pelachaud Communication and coarticulation in facial animation , 1992 .

[8]  B. Boulanger Trauma one! Advanced trauma life support simulator , 1992 .

[9]  Norman I. Badler,et al.  Simulating humans: computer graphics animation and control , 1993 .

[10]  Mark Steedman,et al.  Animated conversation: rule-based generation of facial expression, gesture & spoken intonation for multiple conversational agents , 1994, SIGGRAPH.

[11]  Demetri Terzopoulos,et al.  Artificial fishes: physics, locomotion, perception, behavior , 1994, SIGGRAPH.

[12]  Dimitris N. Metaxas,et al.  Integrating Anatomy and Physiology for Behavior Modeling , 1995 .

[13]  Christopher W. Geib,et al.  Planning and Terrain Reasoning , 1995 .

[14]  Dimitris N. Metaxas,et al.  Visualization of dynamic fluid simulations: waves, splashing, vorticity, boundaries, buoyancy , 1995 .

[15]  Christopher W. Geib,et al.  Planning for animation , 1996 .

[16]  Dimitris N. Metaxas,et al.  Realistic Animation of Liquids , 1996, Graphics Interface.

[17]  Mark Steedman,et al.  Generating Facial Expressions for Speech , 1996, Cogn. Sci..

[18]  Norman I. Badler,et al.  User-controlled physics-based animation for articulated figures , 1996, Proceedings Computer Animation '96.