ENERGY EXPENDITURE | Doubly Labeled Water

Stable isotope dilution and elimination form the basis for the measurement of body composition and energy expenditure in humans. Deuterium and oxygen-18 can be used individually as tracers in water to measure total body water (TBW) and combined to measure body water turnover and carbon dioxide production. This method of indirect calorimetry provides an investigator the opportunity to track energy metabolism under free-living conditions for the study of energy requirements and weight control. Samples, typically urine, are analyzed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry, however, less expensive and easier to use instrumentation is becoming available.

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