Paralogous origin of the red- and green-sensitive visual pigment genes in vertebrates.

The nucleotide sequence of the red-sensitive visual pigment gene, R007Af, in the fish Astyanax fasciatus, from the initiation codon to the stop codon of this gene, including introns, is 1,592 bp, making it the shortest visual pigment gene known in vertebrates. Analysis of this and other homologous sequence data suggests that vertebrates initially had two duplicate genes and that each ancestor of Astyanax, human, and chicken independently duplicated the gene in the process of developing their red-green color vision. Furthermore, many extant red-green colorblind organisms may be explained simply by the failure of achieving very specific nucleotide substitutions at the three codon positions 180, 277, and 285, rather than by the lack of duplicate loci.

[1]  J Nathans,et al.  Absorption spectra of the hybrid pigments responsible for anomalous color vision. , 1992, Science.

[2]  Y. Fukada,et al.  Cone visual pigments are present in gecko rod cells. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[3]  Y. Fukada,et al.  Primary structures of chicken cone visual pigments: vertebrate rhodopsins have evolved out of cone visual pigments. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[4]  J. Lythgoe,et al.  Rod opsin cDNA sequence from the sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus) compared with those of other vertebrates , 1992, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[5]  J Nathans,et al.  A visual pigment from chicken that resembles rhodopsin: amino acid sequence, gene structure, and functional expression. , 1992, Biochemistry.

[6]  Jeremy Nathans,et al.  Absorption spectra of human cone pigments , 1992, Nature.

[7]  J. Winderickx,et al.  Polymorphism in red photopigment underlies variation in colour matching , 1992, Nature.

[8]  Rainer Fuchs,et al.  CLUSTAL V: improved software for multiple sequence alignment , 1992, Comput. Appl. Biosci..

[9]  G H Jacobs,et al.  Spectral tuning of pigments underlying red-green color vision. , 1991, Science.

[10]  A. Yasui,et al.  Isolation and characterization of lamprey rhodopsin cDNA. , 1991, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[11]  M. Miyagishi,et al.  Cloning of cDNA and amino acid sequence of one of chicken cone visual pigments. , 1990, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[12]  S. Yokoyama,et al.  Isolation, DNA sequence and evolution of a color visual pigment gene of the blind cave fish Astyanax fasc1atus , 1990, Vision Research.

[13]  S. Yokoyama,et al.  Convergent evolution of the red- and green-like visual pigment genes in fish, Astyanax fasciatus, and human. , 1990, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[14]  Toshiyuki Okano,et al.  The primary structure of iodopsin, a chicken red‐sensitive cone pigment , 1990, FEBS letters.

[15]  Y. Fukada,et al.  Purification of cone visual pigments from chicken retina. , 1989, Biochemistry.

[16]  Fumio Tokunaga,et al.  Isolation and sequence determination of the chicken rhodopsin gene , 1988, Vision Research.

[17]  W. Baehr,et al.  Isolation and analysis of the mouse opsin gene , 1988, FEBS letters.

[18]  N. Saitou,et al.  The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. , 1987, Molecular biology and evolution.

[19]  J. Nathans,et al.  Molecular genetics of human color vision: the genes encoding blue, green, and red pigments. , 1986, Science.

[20]  J. Nathans,et al.  Isolation, sequence analysis, and intron-exon arrangement of the gene encoding bovine rhodopsin , 1983, Cell.

[21]  J. Bowmaker,et al.  The visual pigments and oil droplets of the chicken retina , 1977, Vision Research.

[22]  H. E. Roaf.  The Vertebrate Eye and its Adaptive Radiation , 1943, Nature.

[23]  A. Wilson,et al.  Sequence convergence and functional adaptation of stomach lysozymes from foregut fermenters. , 1987, Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology.