Link-based Full Cost Analysis of Travel

1 This paper develops a link-based full cost model, which identifies the key cost components of 2 travel, including both internal and external versions of cost, and gives a link-based cost estimate. 3 The key cost components for travelers are categorized as time cost, emission cost, crash cost, 4 user monetary cost, and infrastructure cost. Selecting the Minneapolis St. Paul (Twin Cities) 5 Metropolitan region as the study area, the estimates show that the average full cost of travel is 6 $0.68/veh-km, in which the time and user monetary costs account for approximately 85% of the 7 total. Except for the infrastructure cost, highways are more cost-effective than other surface road8 ways considering all the other cost components, as well as the internal and full costs. 9

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