Stochastic Optimization Model for Electric Power System Planning of Offshore Wind Farms

In the coming years, an extensive development of large-scale offshore wind farms (OWFs) is foreseen in Europe. Electric power systems of OWFs need to be optimized in order to minimize investment and operational costs. This paper proposes a comprehensive decision support model that covers the three key factors that characterize the design of ac electric power systems of OWFs: investment costs of the components, system efficiency, and system reliability. Stochasticity of wind speed and reliability of the main system components are also considered. The main decisions concern the layout and the cross-sections of cable connections and the location of the central collection point for the medium voltage cables. GAMS language has been used to implement the model. It has been validated using a real OWF. An application example has also been carried out to explain the extension of the model to OWFs with dc power systems. The proposed model is useful for basic engineering design and as a decision tool for planning the electric power system of OWFs.

[1]  Graham Ault,et al.  Electrical collector system options for large offshore wind farms , 2007 .

[2]  Lee J. Fingersh,et al.  Electrical Collection and Transmission Systems for Offshore Wind Power , 2007 .

[3]  J.H. Zhang,et al.  A Chance Constrained Transmission Network Expansion Planning Method With Consideration of Load and Wind Farm Uncertainties , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[4]  Zhe Chen,et al.  Generation Ratio Availability Assessment of Electrical Systems for Offshore Wind Farms , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[5]  Roy Billinton,et al.  Reliability evaluation of engineering systems : concepts and techniques , 1992 .

[6]  Zhe Chen,et al.  Efficiency Evaluation for Offshore Wind Farms , 2006, 2006 International Conference on Power System Technology.

[7]  Michal Kaut,et al.  A Heuristic for Moment-Matching Scenario Generation , 2003, Comput. Optim. Appl..

[8]  Birgitte Bak-Jensen,et al.  Comparison of different techniques for offshore wind farm reliability assessment , 2007 .

[9]  Miguel Córdoba Bueno.  Fundaments and Practice of Financial Mathematics , 2006 .

[10]  Lazaros Lazaridis.  Economic Comparison of HVAC and HVDCSolutions for Large Offshore Wind Farms underSpecial Consideration of Reliability , 2005 .

[11]  Zhe Chen,et al.  Analysis of the Behaviour of Genetic Algorithm Applied in Optimization of Electrical System Design for Offshore Wind Farms , 2006, IECON 2006 - 32nd Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics.

[12]  A. Sannino,et al.  Reliability of Collection Grids for Large Offshore Wind Parks , 2006, 2006 International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems.

[13]  Arun P. Sanghvi,et al.  Investment Planning for Hydro-Thermal Power System Expansion: Stochastic Programming Employing the Dantzig-Wolfe Decomposition Principle , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[14]  A. Underbrink,et al.  Probabilistic Reliability Calculations forthe GridConnection ofanOffshore WindFarmn , 2006 .

[15]  Ángel Marín,et al.  Electric capacity expansion under uncertain demand: decomposition approaches , 1998 .

[16]  Santiago Cerisola,et al.  Clustering algorithms for scenario tree generation: Application to natural hydro inflows , 2007, Eur. J. Oper. Res..

[17]  John M. Wilson,et al.  Introduction to Stochastic Programming , 1998, J. Oper. Res. Soc..

[18]  W.L. Kling,et al.  HVDC Connection of Offshore Wind Farms to the Transmission System , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[19]  Zhe Chen,et al.  Optimisation of electrical system for offshore wind farms via genetic algorithm , 2009 .

[20]  Richard E. Rosenthal,et al.  GAMS -- A User's Guide , 2004 .

[21]  B. Gorenstin,et al.  Power system expansion planning under uncertainty , 1993 .

[22]  Yang Fu,et al.  Optimization of internal electric connection system of large offshore wind farm with hybrid genetic and immune algorithm , 2008, 2008 Third International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies.

[23]  Stefan Lundberg.  Evaluation of Wind Farm Layouts , 2004 .

[24]  B. Bak-Jensen,et al.  Aspects of Relevance in Offshore Wind Farm Reliability Assessment , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[25]  M. Carrion,et al.  Vulnerability-Constrained Transmission Expansion Planning: A Stochastic Programming Approach , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.