The Economics of Climate Change in Southeast Asia: A Regional Review

This report reviews the economics of climate change in Southeast Asia, with a particular focus on Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam. It confirms that the region is highly vulnerable to climate change, demonstrates that a wide range of adaptation measures are already being applied, and that the region has great potential to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions globally. It shows that the cost to the region and globally of taking no early action against climate change far outweighs the cost of action. The report urges Southeast Asia to play an important part in working toward a global solution to climate change, and to apply all feasible and economically viable adaptation and mitigation measures as key elements of poverty reduction and sustainable development strategies. It also argues that the current global economic crisis offers Southeast Asia an opportunity to start a transition toward a climate-resilient and low-carbon economy by introducing green stimulus programs that can simultaneously shore up economies, create jobs, reduce poverty, lower carbon emissions, and prepare for the worst effects of climate change.

[1]  A. Steiner Global Green New Deal , 2009, New solutions : a journal of environmental and occupational health policy : NS.

[2]  Maryanne Greig-Gran Costs of avoided deforestation as a climate change mitigation option , 2009 .

[3]  S. Engel,et al.  Avoided deforestation: prospects for mitigating climate change , 2009 .

[4]  F. Zhai,et al.  Agricultural Impact of Climate Change: A General Equilibrium Analysis with Special Reference to Southeast Asia , 2009 .

[5]  D. Sharan Financing Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Role of Regional Financing Arrangements , 2008 .

[6]  Shardul Agrawala,et al.  Economic Aspects of Adaptation to Climate Change: Costs, Benefits and Policy Instruments , 2008 .

[7]  D. Eastwood The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review , 2008 .

[8]  C. Klein,et al.  Targeted technologies for nitrous oxide abatement from animal agriculture , 2008 .

[9]  P. Chaudhry,et al.  Climate Change and Human Development in Viet Nam , 2007 .

[10]  P. Bosch,et al.  Climate change 2007 - mitigation of climate change , 2007 .

[11]  Daniel J. Vimont,et al.  Assessing risks of climate variability and climate change for Indonesian rice agriculture , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[12]  Hendri,et al.  Assessment of carbon leakage in multiple carbon-sink projects: a case study in Jambi Province, Indonesia , 2007 .

[13]  M. Saier,et al.  Climate Change, 2007 , 2007 .

[14]  S. Dasgupta,et al.  The impact of sea level rise on developing countries: a comparative analysis , 2007 .

[15]  J. Hansen,et al.  Global temperature change , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[16]  Canran Liu,et al.  Global Warming and Extinctions of Endemic Species from Biodiversity Hotspots , 2006, Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology.

[17]  E. Swanson,et al.  World development indicators 2007 , 2006 .

[18]  D. Chadwick,et al.  Greenhouse gas abatement strategies for animal husbandry , 2006 .

[19]  Chris Hope,et al.  The marginal impact of CO2 from PAGE2002: An integrated assessment model incorporating the IPCC's five reasons for concern , 2006 .

[20]  K. Emanuel Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years , 2005, Nature.

[21]  P. Rochette,et al.  Greenhouse gas contributions of agricultural soils and potential mitigation practices in Eastern Canada , 2005 .

[22]  Suzana J. Camargo,et al.  Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Intensity and ENSO , 2005 .

[23]  J. Winterwerp,et al.  Pilot Study on the Erosion and Rehabilitation of a Mangrove Mud Coast , 2005 .

[24]  J. Aerts,et al.  Climate Change in Contrasting River Basins: Adaptation Strategies for Water, Food and Environment , 2004 .

[25]  R. Lal Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change , 2004 .

[26]  Pete Smith,et al.  Carbon sequestration in the agricultural soils of Europe , 2004 .

[27]  Angelika Heil,et al.  Policy responses to complex environmental problems: insights from a science-policy activity on transboundary haze from vegetation fires in Southeast Asia , 2004 .

[28]  K. Cassman,et al.  Rice yields decline with higher night temperature from global warming. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[29]  C. T. Hoanh,et al.  Sea Level Rise Affecting the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: Water Elevation in the Flood Season and Implications for Rice Production , 2004 .

[30]  R. Lal Soil Carbon Sequestration Impacts on Global Climate Change and Food Security , 2004, Science.

[31]  N. Arnell Climate change and global water resources: SRES emissions and socio-economic scenarios , 2004 .

[32]  Christopher B. Field,et al.  Engineered biological sinks on land , 2004 .

[33]  Pete Smith Carbon sequestration in croplands: The potential in Europe and the global context , 2004 .

[34]  P. Lehodey,et al.  Potential changes in skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) habitat from a global warming scenario: modelling approach and preliminary results , 2003 .

[35]  W. Parton,et al.  Nitrous oxide emission from Australian agricultural lands and mitigation options: a review , 2003 .

[36]  Rattan Lal,et al.  Global Potential of Soil Carbon Sequestration to Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect , 2003 .

[37]  S. Page,et al.  The amount of carbon released from peat and forest fires in Indonesia during 1997 , 2002, Nature.

[38]  Michael C. Shannon,et al.  Rice is more sensitive to salinity than previously thought , 2002 .

[39]  W. Post,et al.  Soil organic carbon sequestration rates by tillage and crop rotation : A global data analysis , 2002 .

[40]  Jonas Ardö,et al.  Soil Carbon Sequestration in Degraded Semiarid Agro-ecosystems—Perils and Potentials , 2002, Ambio.

[41]  A. Arendt,et al.  Rapid Wastage of Alaska Glaciers and Their Contribution to Rising Sea Level , 2002, Science.

[42]  M. Pascual,et al.  Cholera and climate: revisiting the quantitative evidence. , 2002, Microbes and infection.

[43]  R. Tol Estimates of the Damage Costs of Climate Change, Part II. Dynamic Estimates , 2002 .

[44]  R. Lal Potential of Desertification Control to Sequester Carbon and Mitigate the Greenhouse Effect , 2001 .

[45]  D. Dokken,et al.  Climate change 2001 , 2001 .

[46]  Neville Nicholls,et al.  Trends in extreme daily rainfall and temperature in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific: 1961–1998 , 2001 .

[47]  W. Adger,et al.  Theory and Practice in Assessing Vulnerability to Climate Change andFacilitating Adaptation , 2000 .

[48]  L. Buendia,et al.  Methane Emission from Irrigated and Intensively Managed Rice Fields in Central Luzon (Philippines) , 2000, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems.

[49]  R. Wassmann,et al.  Methane Emission from Deepwater Rice Fields in Thailand , 2000, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems.

[50]  L. Buendia,et al.  Characterization of Methane Emissions from Rice Fields in Asia. I. Comparison among Field Sites in Five Countries , 2000, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems.

[51]  Clive Wilkinson,et al.  Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2020 , 2000 .

[52]  R. Follett,et al.  Organic Carbon Pools in Grazing Land Soils , 2000 .

[53]  Alexei G. Sankovski,et al.  Special report on emissions scenarios , 2000 .

[54]  D. Murdiyarso Adaptation to Climatic Variability and Change: Asian Perspectives on Agriculture and Food Security , 2000 .

[55]  P. Martens,et al.  Climate change and future populations at risk of malaria , 1999 .

[56]  R. Perez,et al.  Climate change impacts and responses in the Philippines coastal sector , 1999 .

[57]  William H. Schlesinger,et al.  Carbon Sequestration in Soils , 1999, Science.

[58]  W. Martens,et al.  Climate change, thermal stress and mortality changes. , 1998, Social science & medicine.

[59]  R. Moss,et al.  The regional impacts of climate change : an assessment of vulnerability , 1997 .

[60]  C. V. Cole,et al.  Global estimates of potential mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions by agriculture , 1997, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems.

[61]  T. H. Jetten,et al.  SENSITIVITY OF MALARIA, SCHISTOSOMIASIS AND DENGUE TO GLOBAL WARMING , 1997 .

[62]  A. Jose,et al.  Vulnerability assessment of Angat water reservoir to climate change , 1996, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution.

[63]  K. Boonpragob,et al.  Modeling potential changes of forest area in Thailand under climate change , 1996, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution.

[64]  H. H. Laar,et al.  Modelling the Impact of Climate Change on Rice Production in Asia , 1995 .

[65]  T. Yanagi,et al.  Sea level variation in the eastern Asia , 1994 .

[66]  E. Maas,et al.  CROP SALT TOLERANCE–CURRENT ASSESSMENT , 1977 .

[67]  E. Surmaini,et al.  Economic Benefits of Using SOI Phase Information for Crop Management Decision in Rice-Base Farming System of West Java, Indonesia , 2010 .

[68]  T. Oki,et al.  Total Runoff Integrating Pathways (TRIP) , 2009 .

[69]  Oxfam Gb Cambodia Drought-management considerations for climate-change adaptation: focus on the Mekong Region, Cambodia Report. , 2008 .

[70]  地球環境戦略研究機関,et al.  Climate change policies in the Asia-Pacific : re-uniting climate change and sustainable development , 2008 .

[71]  S. Schiavon,et al.  Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. , 2007 .

[72]  A. Marquard,et al.  Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world , 2007 .

[73]  W. Cline Global Warming and Agriculture: Impact Estimates by Country , 2007 .

[74]  J. Williams,et al.  A review of research to identify best practice for reducing greenhouse gases from agriculture and land management , 2007 .

[75]  H. L. Miller,et al.  Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis , 2007 .

[76]  Unescap State of the Environment in Asia and the pacific 2005 , 2006 .

[77]  Joanna C. Ellison,et al.  Pacific Island mangroves in a changing climate and rising sea , 2006 .

[78]  H. Steinfeld,et al.  Livestock's long shadow: environmental issues and options. , 2006 .

[79]  S. Ogle,et al.  Agricultural management impacts on soil organic carbon storage under moist and dry climatic conditions of temperate and tropical regions , 2005 .

[80]  B. Sohngen,et al.  Carbon Sequestration Costs in Global Forests , 2004 .

[81]  Christopher B. Field,et al.  The global carbon cycle: integrating humans, climate and the natural world. , 2004 .

[82]  Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts,et al.  Will we produce sufficient food under climate change?: Mekong Basin (South-east Asia) , 2004 .

[83]  J. Gregory,et al.  Long term sea-level changes and their impacts. , 2004 .

[84]  R. Tol Estimates of the Damage Costs of Climate Change. Part 1: Benchmark Estimates , 2002 .

[85]  B. Irawan Stabilization of Upland Agriculture under El Nino-Induced Climatic Risk: Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures in Indonesia , 2002 .

[86]  W. Licuanan,et al.  Coral bleaching in Philippine reefs: Coincident evidences with mesoscale thermal anomalies , 2001 .

[87]  Bruce A. McCarl,et al.  Agricultural mitigation of greenhouse gases: Science and policy options , 2001 .

[88]  M. Glantz Once burned, twice shy? Lessons learned from the 1997-98 El Niño , 2001 .

[89]  J. Houghton,et al.  Climate change 2001 : the scientific basis , 2001 .

[90]  W Ogana,et al.  Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2001 .

[91]  Rattan Lal,et al.  Carbon sequestration in soils , 1999 .

[92]  E. V. Maas,et al.  Crop Yields as Affected by Salinity , 1999 .

[93]  Unfccc,et al.  Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change , 1997 .

[94]  P. H. Martin,et al.  Malaria and climate: sensitivity of malaria potential transmission to climate , 1995 .