The Eddy Experiment: GNSS‐R speculometry for directional sea‐roughness retrieval from low altitude aircraft

We report the retrieval of sea surface directional mean square slope from Global Navigation Satellite System Reflections (GNSS‐R) Delay‐Doppler‐Map (DDM) data collected during an experimental flight at 1 km altitude. We emphasize the utilization of the entire DDM to more precisely infer ocean roughness directional parameters, and argue that the DDM exhibits the impact of both roughness and scatterer velocity. Obtained estimates are analyzed and compared with Jason‐1 measurements, ECMWF numerical weather model outputs and optical data.

[1]  G. Ruffini,et al.  Sea state monitoring using coastal GNSS‐R , 2004, physics/0406029.

[2]  G. Ruffini,et al.  The Eddy Experiment: Accurate GNSS‐R ocean altimetry from low altitude aircraft , 2004, physics/0406025.

[3]  Penina Axelrad,et al.  Retrieval of Ocean Surface Wind Speed and Wind Direction Using Reflected GPS Signals , 2004 .

[4]  D. Chelton,et al.  Satellite Measurements Reveal Persistent Small-Scale Features in Ocean Winds , 2004, Science.

[5]  F. Soulat,et al.  Sea surface remote sensing with gnss and sunligth reflections , 2004 .

[6]  C. Zuffada,et al.  Sensitivity analysis of wind vector measurements from ocean reflected GPS signals , 2003 .

[7]  James L. Garrison,et al.  Mediterranean Balloon Experiment: ocean wind speed sensing from the stratosphere, using GPS reflections , 2003 .

[8]  James L. Garrison,et al.  Anisotropy in reflected GPS measurements of ocean winds , 2003, IGARSS 2003. 2003 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37477).

[9]  Donald R. Thompson,et al.  Delay-Doppler analysis of bistatically reflected signals from the ocean surface: theory and application , 2002, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[10]  Ronald Muellerschoen,et al.  A delay/Doppler-mapping receiver system for GPS-reflection remote sensing , 2002, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[11]  Stephen J. Katzberg,et al.  Wind speed measurement using forward scattered GPS signals , 2002, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[12]  Bertrand Chapron,et al.  Investigation of C-band altimeter cross section dependence on wind speed and sea state , 2002 .

[13]  James L. Garrison,et al.  GPS Signal Scattering from Sea Surface: Wind Speed Retrieval Using Experimental Data and Theoretical Model , 2000 .

[14]  C. Zuffada,et al.  Determining Wind Speed and Direction with Ocean Reflected GPS Signals , 2000 .

[15]  Valery U. Zavorotny,et al.  Scattering of GPS signals from the ocean with wind remote sensing application , 2000, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote. Sens..

[16]  N. E. Huang,et al.  NASA/GSFC Research Activities for the Global Ocean Carbon Cycle: A Prospectus for the 21st Century , 2000 .

[17]  Penina Axelrad,et al.  A comparison of GPS and scatterometer sensing of ocean wind speed and direction , 2000, IGARSS 2000. IEEE 2000 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. Taking the Pulse of the Planet: The Role of Remote Sensing in Managing the Environment. Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37120).

[18]  J. Garrison,et al.  Effect of sea roughness on bistatically scattered range coded signals from the Global Positioning System , 1998 .

[19]  K. Katsaros,et al.  A Unified Directional Spectrum for Long and Short Wind-Driven Waves , 1997 .

[20]  Donald E. Barrick,et al.  Rough Surface Scattering Based on the Specular Point Theory , 1968 .