Exploring the consequences of the previous trial

In tasks that are designed to explore cognitive functioning, the response on each trial is a function of the combination of experimental conditions that occurred on that and the previous trial. Because the previous trial influences performance, the event presented during or the action required by the previous trial must leave an imprint on the brain's activity that carries through to the next trial. These imprints are manifest in the activity of single neurons that participate in producing the response. Previous trial effects address disparate cognitive phenomena, such as response priming, task switching and inhibition of return, and the neural bases of previous trial effects can be envisioned as changes in salience of the target or the goal of the action on a spatial map.

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