Design of Chipless RFID Tag by Using Miniaturized Open-Loop Resonators

In this paper, an open-loop resonator with fragment-loading structure is used for the first time in the design of radar cross section-based chipless radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag. By optimizing the distribution of fragment patches in an open loop, a microstrip open-loop resonator can be miniaturized so that the data capacity of the chipless RFID tag designed using such a miniaturized loop resonator can be significantly increased. Moreover, the resonant frequency of the fragment-loaded resonator can be adjusted conveniently by removing or disconnecting some fragment patches, which provides great flexibility for data encoding of the chipless RFID tag. The proposed chipless RFID tag with miniaturized open-loop resonators is designed and tested and can acquire 3.56 bits per resonator and a coding density of approximately $745.1~\text {bits}/\lambda _{g}^{2}$ . Several experimental results validate the proposed design as well as its implementation in a realistic environment.

[1]  K. Vasudevan,et al.  Chipless RFID Tag Using Multiple Microstrip Open Stub Resonators , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[2]  S. Tedjini,et al.  Chipless RFID Tag Using Hybrid Coding Technique , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[3]  F. Costa,et al.  A Chipless RFID Based on Multiresonant High-Impedance Surfaces , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[4]  I. Robertson,et al.  RF barcodes using multiple frequency bands , 2005, IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, 2005..

[5]  M.K. Mandal,et al.  Design of Dual-Band Bandpass Filters Using Stub-Loaded Open-Loop Resonators , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[6]  Etienne Perret,et al.  Design of Chipless RFID Tags Printed on Paper by Flexography , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[7]  Quan Xue,et al.  Compact bandpass filter using open-loop resonators with capacitive loading , 2007 .

[8]  Klaus Finkenzeller,et al.  RFID Handbook: Radio-Frequency Identification Fundamentals and Applications , 2000 .

[9]  Rowdra Ghatak,et al.  Dual‐band bandpass filter using integrated open loop resonators with embedded ground slots , 2012 .

[10]  S. Tedjini,et al.  A Fully Printable Chipless RFID Tag With Detuning Correction Technique , 2012, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[11]  Jan Machac,et al.  Improvement in Robustness and Recognizability of RCS Response of U-Shaped Strip-Based Chipless RFID Tags , 2016, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[12]  K. Vasudevan,et al.  Low-Cost Multiple-Bit Encoded Chipless RFID Tag Using Stepped Impedance Resonator , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[13]  Etienne Perret,et al.  RFID chipless tag based on multiple phase shifters , 2011, 2011 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium.

[14]  H. Steyskal,et al.  Broad-band fragmented aperture phased array element design using genetic algorithms , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[15]  A. Hoorfar,et al.  Space-filling curve RFID tags , 2006, 2006 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium.

[16]  Gang Wang,et al.  Compact microstrip bandpass filter with fragment-loaded resonators , 2014 .

[17]  Rolf Jakoby,et al.  Wireless high-temperature sensing with a chipless tag based on a dielectric resonator antenna , 2013, 2013 IEEE SENSORS.

[18]  N. Karmakar,et al.  Chipless RFID tag based on split-wheel resonators , 2013, 2013 7th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP).

[19]  Lu Wang,et al.  Design of fragment-type isolation structures for MIMO antennas , 2014 .

[20]  Nemai Karmakar,et al.  Dual-band modified complementary split ring resonator (MCSRR) based multi-resonator circuit for chipless RFID tag , 2013, 2013 IEEE Eighth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing.

[21]  W. Wiesbeck,et al.  Single reference, three target calibration and error correction for monostatic, polarimetric free space measurements , 1991, Proc. IEEE.

[22]  Matthew S. Reynolds.  A 500°C tolerant ultra-high temperature 2.4 GHz 32 bit chipless RFID tag with a mechanical BPSK modulator , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on RFID (RFID).

[23]  Rahul Bhattacharyya,et al.  Towards tag antenna based sensing - An RFID displacement sensor , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID.

[24]  Mangilal Agarwal,et al.  Transmission line reflection and delay-based ID generation scheme for RFID and other applications , 2007, Int. J. Radio Freq. Identif. Technol. Appl..

[25]  N.C. Karmakar,et al.  A Novel Chipless RFID System Based on Planar Multiresonators for Barcode Replacement , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on RFID.

[26]  Nemai C. Karmakar,et al.  Design of fully printable planar chipless RFID transponder with 35-bit data capacity , 2009, 2009 European Microwave Conference (EuMC).

[27]  L. Duvillaret,et al.  THID, the next step of chipless RFID , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on RFID (RFID).

[28]  Lu Wang,et al.  Design of High-Directivity Wideband Microstrip Directional Coupler With Fragment-Type Structure , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[29]  Ram Krishna Maharjan,et al.  Miniature stubs‐loaded square open‐loop bandpass filter with asymmetrical feeders , 2013 .

[30]  Etienne Perret,et al.  Toward RCS Magnitude Level Coding for Chipless RFID , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[31]  Gang Wang,et al.  MOEA/D-GO for Fragmented Antenna Design , 2013 .

[32]  C. Karpuz,et al.  A reduced-size dual-mode bandpass filter with capacitively loaded open-loop arms , 2003, IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters.

[33]  Nemai Karmakar,et al.  Design of a 16-bit ultra-low cost fully printable slot-loaded dual-polarized chipless RFID tag , 2011, Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference 2011.

[34]  Etienne Perret,et al.  Radio Frequency Identification and Sensors: From RFID to Chipless RFID , 2014 .