Energy Conservation in WSN: A Review of Current Techniques

WSN is defined as the group of sensor nodes which has the ability to sense various environmental parameters. It has limitation in ranges. The sensor nodes present in the network could be stationary or movable or even homogeneous or location aware. The sensed data from sensor nodes are transmitted to base station using multiple hops. It could also be done using Internet via router or gateway. Information gathered by base station increases according to the increase in sensor nodes occupying maximum capacity of present network. Wireless sensor network is an assembly of nodes from one to many or even hundreds or thousands, one of the nodes is connected to one sensor. These sensor nodes have different parts like a radio trans-receiver along with an internal or external antenna, microcontroller, power supply which will be battery oriented or connected with solar harvesting system and PCB based electronic circuit for interfacing. The trans-receiver receive and send information to and from the base station (control computer). Size of sensor node varies like size of a shoebox to the dust grain. Cost of these sensors varies according to their size, depending on the interfacing complexity of each node. Limitation of cost and size of sensor nodes results in correspondence limitation of resources used such as computational speed, power supply, and memory storage and network bandwidth. The main motto of this paper is to overcome the major problem of energy conservation in WSNs with a simple approach.