Futures of Robotics. Human Work in Digital Transformation

In this article we discuss the futures of work and robotics. We evaluate key future trends in the field of robotics and analyse different scenarios regarding the futures of human beings and work life. Subsequently, we present a roadmap of robotics, which covers key aspects of industrial and service robotics, discuss technology foresight insights and inter-linkages to robotics, and identify three critical technology roadmaps: the technological future of robotics, digitalisation and ICT technologies. Finally, we analyse economic, social, and political key challenges of the digital transformation of work and labour policy in the European Union in general and against the backdrop of the European robotics strategy in particular.

[1]  Jari Kaivo-oja,et al.  European packaging industry foresight study—identifying global drivers and driven packaging industry implications of the global megatrends , 2014 .

[2]  Marc Uri Porat,et al.  The information economy , 1976 .

[3]  R. Hill.  The Coming Of Post Industrial Society , 1974 .

[4]  Matthew J. Notowidigdo,et al.  Housing Booms, Manufacturing Decline, and Labor Market Outcomes , 2013, The Economic Journal.

[5]  Steffen Roth.  Growth and function: a viral research program for next organisations , 2016, Int. J. Technol. Manag..

[6]  B. Joseph Pine,et al.  Infinite Possibility: Creating Customer Value on the Digital Frontier , 2011 .

[7]  M. Castells.  The Network Society , 2004 .

[8]  A. Touraine.  The post-industrial society;: Tomorrow's social history: classes, conflicts and culture in the programmed society , 1971 .

[9]  Toni Ahlqvist,et al.  Future Industrial Platforms and Radical Technology Foresight: The Case of 3D Printing in Finland and Europe , 2016 .

[10]  Robert Phaal,et al.  An integrated service-device-technology roadmap for smart city development , 2013 .

[11]  R. Kurzweil.  The age of spiritual machines: when computers exceed human intelligence , 1998 .

[12]  Luc Soete,et al.  Work for All or Mass Unemployment?: Computerised Technical Change into the Twenty-First Century , 1994 .

[13]  Steffen Roth,et al.  The Diaspora as a Nation’S Capital: Crowdsourcing Strategies for the Caucasus , 2010 .

[14]  James A. Hendler,et al.  The Semantic Web" in Scientific American , 2001 .

[15]  Robert Fox.  Information economy , 2018, Digit. Libr. Perspect..

[16]  Felix Stalder,et al.  The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence , 2001, CSOC.

[17]  Juha Panula-Ontto,et al.  Are structural change and modernisation leading to convergence in the CO2 economy? Decomposition analysis of China, EU and USA , 2014 .

[18]  Alexandra Köves,et al.  A gépek korszaka - újratöltve. Erik Brynjolfsson-Andrew McAfee: The Second Machine Age Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies W. W. Norton and Company, New York, 2014, 320 o , 2015 .

[19]  J. Kaivo-oja,et al.  Relationships of the dimensions of sustainability as measured by the sustainable society index framework , 2014 .

[20]  C. Robert.  Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies , 2017 .

[21]  Jyrki Suomala,et al.  Brief Introduction to National Open Innovation System (NOIS) Paradigm : Integrating Online Social Networ ks and the Triple Helix Model , 2008 .

[22]  Ray Bert.  Book Review: Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future , by Martin Ford. New York City: Basic Books, 2015 , 2015 .

[23]  J. Wingfield,et al.  The concept of allostasis in biology and biomedicine , 2003, Hormones and Behavior.

[24]  Tim O'Reilly,et al.  What is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software , 2007 .

[25]  Hiroshi Mizoguchi,et al.  Robotic room: Symbiosis with human through behavior media , 1996, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[26]  M. Castells.  The rise of the network society , 1996 .

[27]  Norihiro Hagita,et al.  Ubiquitous robotics: Recent challenges and future trends , 2013, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[28]  Steffen Roth.  Leaving Commonplaces on the Common Place: Cornerstones of a Polyphonic Market Theory , 2012 .

[29]  Ari Karppinen,et al.  Lukukausimaksut ja yliopistojen houkuttelevuus : mitä tilastot ja kansainväliset tutkimukset kertovat? Vai kertovatko mitään suomalaisesta perspektiivistä? , 2014 .

[30]  Lynda Gratton,et al.  The Shift: The Future of Work Is Already Here , 2001 .

[31]  Lida Xu,et al.  The internet of things: a survey , 2014, Information Systems Frontiers.

[32]  Rainer Bischoff,et al.  Robotic Visions to 2020 and beyond -- The strategic research agenda for robotics in Europe , 2009 .

[33]  J. Kaivo-oja,et al.  Scenario Analyses of the Futures of Journalism Profession , 2013 .

[34]  Steffen Roth,et al.  Fashionable Functions: A Google Ngram View of Trends in Functional Differentiation (1800-2000) , 2014, Int. J. Technol. Hum. Interact..

[35]  Dying is Only Human: The Case Death Makes for the Immortality of the Person , 2013 .

[36]  Steffen Roth.  Introduction: Towards a Theory of Robust Innovation , 2015 .

[37]  Steffen Roth,et al.  New for Whom? Initial Images from the Social Dimension of Innovation , 2009 .

[38]  J. Kaivo-oja,et al.  Three theoretical approaches to pirate entrepreneurship: towards future studies of pirate entrepreneurship , 2014 .

[39]  Frank van Harmelen,et al.  A semantic web primer , 2004 .

[40]  Steffen Roth.  The Things that Go Without Saying: On Performative Differences between Business Value Communication and Communication on Business Values , 2014 .

[41]  Steffen Roth.  Free Economy! On 3628800 Alternatives of and to Capitalism , 2015 .

[42]  Steffen Roth.  Common values? Fifty-two cases of value semantics copying on corporate websites , 2013 .

[43]  E. Mansfield,et al.  The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States. , 1963 .

[44]  Simone Strambach,et al.  Knowledge-Intensive Business Services (KIBS) as drivers of multilevel knowledge dynamics , 2008, Int. J. Serv. Technol. Manag..

[45]  Ralph W. Conant,et al.  : The Computerization of Society: A Report to the President of France , 1982 .

[46]  Robert W. Gehl,et al.  The archive and the processor: The internal logic of Web 2.0 , 2011, New Media Soc..

[47]  James H. Aylor,et al.  Computer for the 21st Century , 1999, Computer.

[48]  Steffen Roth.  Serious Gamification , 2016, Games Cult..

[49]  Paul T. Groth,et al.  A Semantic Web Primer. - 3rd ed. , 2012, CoopIS 2012.

[50]  Michael Marien,et al.  Book Review: The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies , 2014 .

[51]  J. Schumpeter.  Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy , 1943 .

[52]  Nile W. Hatch,et al.  As Time Goes By: From the Industrial Revolutions to the Information Revolution , 2002 .

[53]  M. Boisot.  Information space : a framework for learning in organizations, institutions and culture , 2013 .

[54]  Toni Ahlqvist,et al.  New industrial platforms and radical technology foresight: the case of 3D printing in Finland and Europe , 2018, Int. J. Manuf. Technol. Manag..

[55]  Richard Hunter.  World Without Secrets: Business, Crime, and Privacy in the Age of Ubiquitous Computing , 2002 .

[56]  A. Hoffmann,et al.  Extreme environmental change and evolution , 1997 .

[57]  R. Hahnel.  Economic Justice and Democracy: From Competition to Cooperation , 2005 .

[58]  William H. McNeill,et al.  The Human Web: A Bird's-Eye View of World History , 2003 .

[59]  Pieter Jan Stappers.  Creative connections: user, designer, context, and tools , 2005, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing.

[60]  V. T. Raja,et al.  Protecting the privacy and security of sensitive customer data in the cloud , 2012, Comput. Law Secur. Rev..

[61]  Donato Di Paola,et al.  IoT-aided robotics applications: Technological implications, target domains and open issues , 2014, Comput. Commun..

[62]  Kevin Ashton,et al.  That ‘Internet of Things’ Thing , 1999 .

[63]  Marja Toivonen,et al.  Expertise as business : long-term development and future prospects of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) , 2004 .

[64]  Steffen Roth.  Les Deux Angleterres Et Le Continent: Anglophone Sociology as the Guardian of Old European Semantics , 2013 .

[65]  Maki K. Habib,et al.  Applied ontologies and standards for service robots , 2013, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[66]  Po-Tsang Chen,et al.  The mediating role of relational benefit between service quality and customer loyalty in airline industry , 2013 .

[67]  M. Williamson.  Extreme environmental change and evolution , 1998 .

[68]  J. Bindé.  Towards knowledge societies: UNESCO world report , 2005 .

[69]  Helge Janicke,et al.  Cyber warfare: Issues and challenges , 2015, Comput. Secur..

[70]  Matthew J. Notowidigdo,et al.  Manufacturing Decline, Housing Booms, and Non-Employment , 2013 .

[71]  Steffen Roth.  The Multifunctional Organization: Two Cases for a Critical Update for Research Programs in Management and Organization , 2014 .

[72]  Steffen Roth.  Booties, Bounties, Business Models: A Map to the Next Red Oceans , 2014 .

[73]  Tiago Ildefonso,et al.  Notas leitura / Recensão crítica , 2013 .

[74]  Thomas Harold Massie,et al.  Design of a three degree of freedom force-reflecting haptic interface , 1993 .

[75]  Daniel Ronzani,et al.  Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal Volume 4 Number 2 Page9 the Battle of Concepts: Ubiquitous Computing, Pervasive Computing and Ambient Intelligence in Mass Media , 2022 .

[76]  Martin Ford,et al.  Rise of the robots : technology and the threat of a jobless future , 2015 .

[77]  Martin Ford,et al.  The Lights in the Tunnel: Automation, Accelerating Technology and the Economy of the Future , 2009 .

[78]  Dirk Schneckenberg,et al.  The Ludic Drive as Innovation Driver: Introduction to the Gamification of Innovation , 2015 .

[79]  Huajun Chen,et al.  The Semantic Web , 2011, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[80]  Steffen Roth.  The Moral of Functional Differentiation: A New Horizon for Descriptive Innovation Ethics , 2012 .

[81]  Marja-Liisa Viherä.  Työn yksilöllinen ja yhteisöllinen merkitys ihmiselle , 2010 .

[82]  R. Kurzweil,et al.  The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology , 2006 .

[83]  Tom Igoe,et al.  Physical computing: sensing and controlling the physical world with computers , 2004 .

[84]  Steffen Roth.  The Eye-Patch of the Beholder: Introduction to Entrepreneurship and Piracy , 2014 .

[85]  D. Bell.  The Coming of the Post-Industrial Society , 1973 .

[86]  A. Lin.  Knowledge Assets: Securing Competitive Advantage in the Information Economy , 2001 .

[87]  Luigi Alfredo Grieco,et al.  Security, privacy and trust in Internet of Things: The road ahead , 2015, Comput. Networks.

[88]  J. Kaivo-oja,et al.  Public service systems and emerging systemic governance challenges , 2015 .

[89]  Uwe Hansmann,et al.  Pervasive Computing , 2003 .

[90]  J. Kaivo-oja,et al.  Smart Regions: Two Cases of Crowdsourcing for Regional Development , 2013 .

[91]  J. Kaivo-oja,et al.  Is the future a political economy? Functional analysis of three leading foresight and futures studies journals , 2016 .

[92]  B. Bowonder,et al.  Technology strategy of Toshiba Corporation: a knowledge evolution perspective , 2000, Int. J. Technol. Manag..

[93]  J. Kaivo-oja,et al.  FORESIGHT, GOVERNANCE AND COMPLEXITY OF SYSTEMS: ON THE WAY TOWARDS PRAGMATIC GOVERNANCE PARADIGM , 2013 .

[94]  Jari Kaivo-oja,et al.  The Crowdsourcing Delphi : Combining the Delphi Methodology and Crowdsourcing Techniques , 2013 .

[95]  James C. West,et al.  The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. , 2015 .

[96]  P. Parsons.  Environments and evolution: interactions between stress, resource inadequacy and energetic efficiency , 2005, Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.

[97]  Jan A.G.M. van Dijk,et al.  The network society , 1997 .

[98]  Rachel Riter,et al.  Book Review: Drive: The Surprising Truth about What Motivates Us , 2016 .

[99]  Michael A. Osborne,et al.  The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? , 2017 .