Effects of laser immunotherapy on tumor microenvironment

The microenvironments of tumors are involved in a complex and reciprocal dialog with surrounding cancer cells. Any novel treatment must consider the impact of the therapy on the microenvironment. Recently, clinical trials with laser immunotherapy (LIT) have proven to effectively treat patients with late-stage, metastatic breast cancer and melanoma. LIT is the synergistic combination of phototherapy (laser irradiation) and immunological stimulation. One prominent cell type found in the tumor stroma is the fibroblast. Fibroblast cells can secrete different growth factors and extracellular matrix modifying molecules. Furthermore, fibroblast cells found in the tumor stroma often express alpha smooth muscle actin. These particular fibroblasts are coined cancer-associated fibroblast cells (CAFs). CAFs are known to facilitate the malignant progression of tumors. A collagen lattice assay with human fibroblast cells is used to elucidate the effects LIT has on the microenvironment of tumors. Changes in the contraction of the lattice, the differentiation of the fibroblast cells, as well as the proliferation of the fibroblast cells will be determined.

[1]  Wei R. Chen,et al.  Long‐term tumor resistance induced by laser photo‐immunotherapy , 1999, International journal of cancer.

[2]  R. Nordquist,et al.  In situ photoimmunotherapy: a tumour‐directed treatment for melanoma , 2006, British Journal of Dermatology.

[3]  M. Salmon,et al.  A stromal address code defined by fibroblasts. , 2005, Trends in immunology.

[4]  R. Nordquist,et al.  Laser-photosensitizer assisted immunotherapy: a novel modality for cancer treatment. , 1997, Cancer letters.

[5]  R. Nordquist,et al.  Antitumor immunity induced by laser immunotherapy and its adoptive transfer. , 2001, Cancer research.

[6]  R. Weinberg,et al.  Heterotypic signaling between epithelial tumor cells and fibroblasts in carcinoma formation. , 2001, Experimental cell research.

[7]  K. Bartels,et al.  Photothermal effects on murine mammary tumors using indocyanine green and an 808-nm diode laser: an in vivo efficacy study. , 1996, Cancer letters.

[8]  Raghu Kalluri,et al.  Fibroblasts in cancer , 2006, Nature Reviews Cancer.

[9]  Shalom Madar,et al.  'Cancer associated fibroblasts'--more than meets the eye. , 2013, Trends in molecular medicine.

[10]  Hong Liu,et al.  Preliminary safety and efficacy results of laser immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer patients , 2011, Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology.

[11]  K Svanberg,et al.  Photodynamic therapy of non‐melanoma malignant tumours of the skin using topical δ‐amino levulinic acid sensitization and laser irradiation , 1994, The British journal of dermatology.

[12]  Dieter Bäuerle,et al.  Laser processing and chemistry: recent developments , 2002 .

[13]  R. Kalluri Basement membranes: structure, assembly and role in tumour angiogenesis , 2003, Nature reviews. Cancer.

[14]  C M Cobb,et al.  Biostimulation of wound healing by low-energy laser irradiation. A review. , 1996, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[15]  Wei R. Chen,et al.  Anti-tumor response with immunologically modified carbon nanotubes and phototherapy , 2013, Photonics West - Biomedical Optics.

[16]  L. Coussens,et al.  De novo carcinogenesis promoted by chronic inflammation is B lymphocyte dependent. , 2005, Cancer cell.

[17]  B. Hinz,et al.  Myofibroblasts and mechano-regulation of connective tissue remodelling , 2002, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology.

[18]  Yi-Cheng Chen,et al.  DNA-gold nanorod conjugates for remote control of localized gene expression by near infrared irradiation. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[19]  T. C. Sangster,et al.  Intense high-energy proton beams from Petawatt-laser irradiation of solids. , 2000, Physical review letters.

[20]  Feifan Zhou,et al.  ANTI-TUMOR RESPONSES INDUCED BY LASER IRRADIATION AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STIMULATION USING A MOUSE MAMMARY TUMOR MODEL , 2013 .