On the Real-Time Modeling of Voltage Drop and Grid Congestion Due to the Presence of Electric Vehicles on Residential Feeders

Electric Vehicles (EVs) charging and discharging activities have an immediate impact on the operation of the distribution system. This paper presents a revised linearization methodology to model the real-time EVs activities based on the concept of Kirchhoff laws, Nodal analysis, and Modularity index. Specifically, the proposed modeling methodology and mathematical formulation are based on the decomposition of the distribution feeder topology into clustering nodes while considering on-time demands and EVs activities. It presents a scalable and powerful tool that allows researchers to model the real-time dynamics of the grid at each specific node of the system accurately. It also helps to determine the voltage sensitivity and estimate potential operational deficiencies in reference to the active and reactive power conditions at different spots on the feeder. To verify our modeling strategy, we demonstrate it on the modified IEEE 34 node system to measure the impact on the system's voltage level for each hour of the day, which could provide an estimate for the operational needs of active and reactive power through proper EVs scheduling. Our simulation results show the voltage variation and sensitivity levels at different feeder spots considering different testing scenarios with random EVs activities.