Groupware and social networks: will life ever be the same again?

Abstract Over the past twenty years industry and academia have been working to develop computer systems to increase work group's productivity, commonly referred to as groupware. Groupware encompasses a broad spectrum of research and development including group support systems, computer-supported collaborative work, group decision support systems, and computer mediated collaboration. Applications arising out of these efforts included concurrent multi-user authoring systems, computer conferencing, integrated computer/video meeting systems, electronic voting, brainstorming, and workflow systems. The papers in this special issue are some of the best from over 100 papers submitted to the GROUP'97 conference sponsored by the ACM Special Interest Group on Supporting Group Work. They represent work conducted by researchers on four continents from both industry and academia. As a group the authors present a blend of theory, practice, and technological innovation from the groupware research arena. This paper is intended to serve as an introduction to the area of groupware research and development. In it we explore the evolution of groupware and expose some of its effects on organizations and society.

[1]  J. Hackman,et al.  Interventions into group process: An approach to improving the effectiveness of groups , 1974 .

[2]  Hiroshi Ishii,et al.  ClearBoard: A Novel Shared Drawing Medium that Supports Gaze Awareness in Remote Collaboration (Special Issue on Next Generation Visual Telecommunication and Broadcasting) , 1993 .

[3]  K. Weick Technology as equivoque: sensemaking in new technologies , 1990 .

[4]  Constance Perin,et al.  Electronic social fields in bureaucracies , 1991, CACM.

[5]  S. Kiesler,et al.  Group processes in computer-mediated communication☆ , 1986 .

[6]  Jay F. Nunamaker,et al.  ELECTRONIC BRAINSTORMING AND GROUP SIZE , 1992 .

[7]  Jay F. Nunamaker,et al.  Information Technology to Support Electronic Meetings , 1988, MIS Q..

[8]  M. Roseman,et al.  A usability study of awareness widgets in a shared workspace groupware system , 1996, CSCW '96.

[9]  W. Keith Edwards,et al.  Policies and roles in collaborative applications , 1996, CSCW '96.

[10]  Thomas A. Finholt,et al.  Electronic Groups at Work. , 1990 .

[11]  Steve Benford,et al.  MASSIVE: a collaborative virtual environment for teleconferencing , 1995, TCHI.

[12]  J. Valacich,et al.  Effects of anonymity and evaluative tone on idea generation in computer-mediated groups , 1990 .

[13]  Alan Borning,et al.  Two approaches to casual interaction over computer and video networks , 1991, CHI.

[14]  Mark Pendergast,et al.  Implementing Gesturing with Cursors in Group Support Systems , 1993, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[15]  A Jay,et al.  How to: Run a Meeting , 1982, The Journal of nursing administration.

[16]  Clarence A. Ellis,et al.  Groupware: some issues and experiences , 1991, CACM.

[17]  James E. Katz,et al.  A nation of strangers? , 1997, CACM.

[18]  R. Daft,et al.  Media Symbolism, Media Richness, and Media Choice in Organizations , 1987 .

[19]  Lee Sproull,et al.  My partner is a real dog: cooperation with social agents , 1996, CSCW '96.

[20]  R. Herschel,et al.  Ethical Implications of Technological Advances on Business Communication , 1997 .

[21]  Jay F. Nunamaker,et al.  Interaction of task and technology to support large groups , 1989, Decis. Support Syst..

[22]  Jay F. Nunamaker,et al.  A Comparison of Laboratory and Field Research in the Study of Electronic Meeting Systems , 1990, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[23]  Poppy Lauretta McLeod,et al.  An Assessment of the Experimental Literature on Electronic Support of Group Work: Results of a Meta-Analysis , 1992, Hum. Comput. Interact..

[24]  Saul Greenberg Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Groupware: An Introduction to the Special Issues , 1991, Int. J. Man Mach. Stud..

[25]  Robert W. Root,et al.  Design of a multi-media vehicle for social browsing , 1988, CSCW '88.

[26]  G. Graen,et al.  Training in creative problem solving: Effects on ideation and problem finding and solving in an industrial research organization , 1982 .

[27]  Steven E. Poltrock,et al.  Requirements for a virtual collocation environment , 1999, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[28]  J. Valacich,et al.  Group Support Systems: New Perspectives , 1992 .

[29]  Ronald E. Rice,et al.  Social cues and anonymous group interaction using group support systems , 1994, 1994 Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[30]  David C. Moschella Waves of Power: The Dynamics of Global Technology Leadership, 1964-2010 , 1997 .

[31]  Gerardine DeSanctis,et al.  Computer-Based Support for Group Problem-Finding: An Experimental Investigation , 1988, MIS Q..

[32]  Daniel G. Bobrow,et al.  WYSIWIS revised: early experiences with multi-user interfaces , 1986, CSCW.

[33]  G. DeSanctis,et al.  Electronic Communication and Changing Organizational Forms , 1995 .

[34]  Kjeld Schmidt,et al.  Of maps and scripts—the status of formal constructs in cooperative work , 1997, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[35]  Mark Pendergast,et al.  Experiences with Object-Oriented Group Support Software Development , 1995, IBM Syst. J..

[36]  Leonard Michael Jessup,et al.  Decision Making in an Automated Environment: The Effects of Anonymity and Proximity with a Group Decision Support System* , 1991 .

[37]  Saul Greenberg Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Groupware : An Introduction to the Special Edition , 1991 .

[38]  Christer Carlsson,et al.  DIVE - A platform for multi-user virtual environments , 1993, Comput. Graph..

[39]  M. Lynne Markus,et al.  Toward a “Critical Mass” Theory of Interactive Media , 1987 .

[40]  Jay F. Nunamaker,et al.  Electronic meeting systems , 1991, CACM.

[41]  Daniel G. Bobrow,et al.  WYSIWIS revised: early experiences with multiuser interfaces , 1987, TOIS.

[42]  Marilyn Tremaine,et al.  Experiences in the use of a media space , 1991, CHI.

[43]  John C. Tang,et al.  Videodraw: a video interface for collaborative drawing , 1991, TOIS.

[44]  S. Barley The alignment of technology and structure through roles and networks. , 1990, Administrative science quarterly.

[45]  A. Bandura Social Foundations of Thought and Action , 1986 .

[46]  C. Steven Hunt,et al.  Group Support Systems: A New Frontier for Amplifying Creativity and Collaborative Learning. , 1994 .

[47]  Fons Wijnhoven,et al.  Impact of information technology on organizations: The state of the art , 1990 .

[48]  Technology Today : Utopia or Dystopia ? , 2022 .

[49]  Arthur B. VanGundy,et al.  Techniques of structured problem solving , 1981 .

[50]  Saul Greenberg,et al.  TeamRooms: network places for collaboration , 1996, CSCW '96.

[51]  Tom Rodden,et al.  Populating the application: a model of awareness for cooperative applications , 1996, CSCW '96.

[52]  J. Valacich,et al.  Group Size and Anonymity Effects on Computer-Mediated Idea Generation , 1992 .

[53]  Premkumar T. Devanbu,et al.  LaSSIE—a knowledge-based software information system , 1991, ICSE '90.

[54]  Leonard M. Jessup,et al.  The Effects of Anonymity on GDSS Group Process with an Idea-Generating Task , 1990, MIS Q..

[55]  Ronald E. Rice,et al.  Attribution accuracy when using anonymity in group support systems , 1997, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[56]  Gerardine DeSanctis,et al.  A foundation for the study of group decision support systems , 1987 .

[57]  Alan Wexelblat,et al.  An approach to natural gesture in virtual environments , 1995, TCHI.

[58]  Jay F. Nunamaker,et al.  An experimental investigation of the effects of group size in an electronic meeting environment , 1990, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern..

[59]  A. Pinsonneault,et al.  The effects of electronic meetings on group processes and outcomes: An assessment of the empirical research , 1990 .

[60]  Robert Johansen,et al.  Groupware: Computer Support for Business Teams , 1988 .

[61]  William J. Kettinger,et al.  The Use of Computer‐mediated Communication in an Interorganizational Context , 1997 .

[62]  Jay F. Nunamaker,et al.  Using Two Different Electronic Meeting System Tools for the Same Task: An Experimental Comparison , 1990, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[63]  Hiroshi Ishii,et al.  Toward an open shared workspace: computer and video fusion approach of TeamWorkStation , 1991, CACM.

[64]  Gloria Mark,et al.  Merging multiple perspectives in groupware use: intra- and intergroup conventions , 1997, GROUP.