Robust Identity Verification Based on Infrared Face Images

Face recognition using visible-image (RGB) has been found to be largely affected by variation of illuminations and face expressions. Relatively, the infrared-image (IR) shows certain robustness with respect to the above external factors. In this work, we focus on identity verification using IR face images and study its robustness in response to variation of above environmental factors and expression. The well-known principal component analysis (PCA) technique and another dimension reduction method, random projection (RP) are adopted to extract necessary IR face features for identity matching. To boost the verification performance, several fusion techniques are proposed and investigated. Our empirical experiments show reasonable effectiveness using IR and its contour images as well as using fusion method for identity verification under several varying conditions.

[1]  Xin Chen,et al.  PCA-Based Face Recognition in Infrared Imagery: Baseline and Comparative Studies , 2003, AMFG.

[2]  Stuart J. Barnes,et al.  The mobile commerce value chain: analysis and future developments , 2002, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[3]  R. Amit,et al.  Value creation in E‐business , 2001 .

[4]  Heikki Mannila,et al.  Random projection in dimensionality reduction: applications to image and text data , 2001, KDD '01.

[5]  George Bebis,et al.  Face recognition experiments with random projection , 2005, SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing.

[6]  M. Weiser,et al.  Hot topics-ubiquitous computing , 1993 .

[7]  Diego A. Socolinsky,et al.  Appearance-Based Facial Recognition Using Visible and Thermal Imagery: A Comparative Study , 2006 .

[8]  Holtjona Galanxhi-Janaqi,et al.  U-commerce: emerging trends and research issues , 2004, Ind. Manag. Data Syst..

[9]  Kar-Ann Toh,et al.  Benchmarking a reduced multivariate polynomial pattern classifier , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[10]  Andrew E. Fano,et al.  The future of business services in the age of ubiquitous computing , 2002, CACM.

[11]  Dimitris Achlioptas,et al.  Database-friendly random projections: Johnson-Lindenstrauss with binary coins , 2003, J. Comput. Syst. Sci..

[12]  Andrew Beng Jin Teoh,et al.  Random Multispace Quantization as an Analytic Mechanism for BioHashing of Biometric and Random Identity Inputs , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[13]  R. Watson,et al.  U-commerce: Expanding the universe of marketing , 2002 .

[14]  Jean Scholtz,et al.  Toward a Framework for Evaluating Ubiquitous Computing Applications , 2004, IEEE Pervasive Comput..

[15]  Choon Seong Leem,et al.  A Business Model (BM) Development Methodology in Ubiquitous Computing Environments , 2005, ICCSA.

[16]  David J. Kriegman,et al.  Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection , 1996, ECCV.

[17]  Shigeo Abe DrEng Pattern Classification , 2001, Springer London.

[18]  Arun Ross,et al.  Information fusion in biometrics , 2003, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[19]  Leonardo Trujillo,et al.  Automatic Feature Localization in Thermal Images for Facial Expression Recognition , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops.

[20]  I K Fodor,et al.  A Survey of Dimension Reduction Techniques , 2002 .

[21]  Dmitriy Fradkin,et al.  Experiments with random projections for machine learning , 2003, KDD '03.

[22]  Jaap Gordijn,et al.  What's in an Electronic Business Model? , 2000, EKAW.

[23]  Azriel Rosenfeld,et al.  Face recognition: A literature survey , 2003, CSUR.

[24]  Arun Ross,et al.  Score normalization in multimodal biometric systems , 2005, Pattern Recognit..

[25]  Guodong Guo,et al.  Support vector machines for face recognition , 2001, Image Vis. Comput..

[26]  Sangyoun Lee,et al.  Robust Face Recognition by Fusion of Visual and Infrared Cues , 2006, 2006 1ST IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications.

[27]  Paul Timmers,et al.  Business Models for Electronic Markets , 1998, Electron. Mark..

[28]  David G. Stork,et al.  Pattern Classification , 1973 .

[29]  Dimitris Achlioptas,et al.  Database-friendly random projections , 2001, PODS.

[30]  Lawrence B. Wolff,et al.  Illumination invariant face recognition using thermal infrared imagery , 2001, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2001.