A new differential protection scheme for fixed series-compensated transmission line

This paper proposes an improvement of a new differential protection technique for three-phase transmission line together with series compensation using a hybrid technique based on discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and discrete Haar wavelet transform (DHWT). The proposed technique relies on the three-phase currents of the series compensation-based transmission line at the sending and at the receiving ends, respectively. Initially, the measured three-phase line currents at both the relaying buses are processed using DFT to get the matrix of fundamental components of three-phase fault currents. Subsequently, the acquired fundamental components are decomposed into five levels of approximate coefficients decomposition using the DHWT. Consequently, the maximum amplitude of spectral energy-index of the fifth level approximate coefficients of the fundamental components at both the buses is computed, and then the differential spectral energy (DSE)-index is calculated to detect the fault and categorize the faulty phase in series compensation-based transmission line. The proposed technique is extensively tested using the model of a 400-kV, 200-km transmission line with series compensation at mid-point of line and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed technique is far and wide assessed against near-in relay faults, far-end relay faults, evolving faults, multi-location faults, forward faults, reverse faults, open-circuit faults, internal faults, and external faults. Furthermore, the proposed hybrid technique is tested for different feasible fault switching, with sources of different power ratings, sudden load switching events, with varying degree of series compensation, and with varying fault resistance between 0.5 and 500 ohms. The simulation outcomes represent that all types of abovementioned faults, faulty zone, and the fault phase can be exemplarily recognized within a full cycle time and the proposed hybrid technique is flexible to the modification of faulty type, fault switching time, fault location, fault resistance, ground resistance, degree of series compensation, and power ratings of both sources and loads.

[1]  S. K. Mishra,et al.  A critical fault detection analysis & fault time in a UPFC transmission line , 2019 .

[2]  Sushruta Mishra,et al.  DWT approach based differential relaying scheme for single circuit and double circuit transmission line protection including STATCOM , 2019, Ain Shams Engineering Journal.

[3]  D. Sundararajan,et al.  Discretewavelet Transform: A Signal Processing Approach , 2015 .

[4]  P. Mishra,et al.  Classification of faults in a TCSC compensated transmission line using data mining algorithm , 2020, 2020 IEEE First International Conference on Smart Technologies for Power, Energy and Control (STPEC).

[5]  Lokanath Tripathy,et al.  A New Cross-Differential Protection Scheme for Parallel Transmission Lines Including UPFC , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[6]  Anamika Yadav,et al.  FDOST-Based Fault Classification Scheme for Fixed Series Compensated Transmission System , 2019, IEEE Systems Journal.

[7]  Anamika Yadav,et al.  An Advanced Signal Decomposition Technique for Islanding Detection in DG System , 2021, IEEE Systems Journal.

[8]  Shien He,et al.  Integrated Impedance-Based Pilot Protection Scheme for the TCSC-Compensated EHV/UHV Transmission Lines , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[9]  Shenxing Shi,et al.  A New Differential Protection of Transmission Line Based on Equivalent Travelling Wave , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[10]  Mahyar Abasi,et al.  Fault location in series capacitor compensated three-terminal transmission lines based on the analysis of voltage and current phasor equations and asynchronous data transfer , 2020 .

[11]  Bikash Patel,et al.  Fast fault detection during power swing on a hybrid transmission line using WPT , 2019, IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution.

[12]  S. K. Mishra,et al.  A neuro-wavelet approach for the performance improvement in SVC integrated wind-fed transmission line , 2019, Ain Shams Engineering Journal.

[13]  Sanjay Dambhare,et al.  Adaptive current differential protection schemes for transmission-line protection , 2009, IEEE PES General Meeting.

[14]  Anamika Yadav,et al.  Resilience-oriented protection scheme for TCSC-compensated line , 2020 .

[15]  Anamika Yadav,et al.  A Novel Fault Classification Scheme for Series Capacitor Compensated Transmission Line Based on Bagged Tree Ensemble Classifier , 2018, IEEE Access.

[16]  Aleena Swetapadma,et al.  Improved first zone reach setting of artificial neural network-based directional relay for protection of double circuit transmission lines , 2014 .

[17]  G. Panda,et al.  Fault Classification and Section Identification of an Advanced Series-Compensated Transmission Line Using Support Vector Machine , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[18]  Xianggen Yin,et al.  Instantaneous Value and Equal Transfer Processes-Based Current Differential Protection for Long Transmission Lines , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[19]  S. A. Soman,et al.  Current Differential Protection of Transmission Line Using the Moving Window Averaging Technique , 2010 .

[20]  M. Gilany,et al.  ANN based technique for enhancement of distance relay performance against open-conductor in HV transmission lines , 2010, 2010 The 2nd International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering (ICCAE).

[21]  Anamika Yadav,et al.  Fault Diagnosis Scheme for Cross-Country Faults in Dual-Circuit Line With Emphasis on High-Impedance Fault Syndrome , 2021, IEEE Systems Journal.

[22]  Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo,et al.  DT-based relaying scheme for fault classification in transmission lines using MODP , 2017 .

[23]  Sudipta Debnath,et al.  Sequence component based approach for fault discrimination and fault location estimation in UPFC compensated transmission line , 2020 .

[24]  Ahmed Saber,et al.  Wide-Area Backup Protection Scheme for Transmission Lines Considering Cross-Country and Evolving Faults , 2019, IEEE Systems Journal.

[25]  Mrutyunjaya Sahani,et al.  Fault location estimation for series-compensated double-circuit transmission line using EWT and weighted RVFLN , 2020, Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell..

[26]  Anamika Yadav,et al.  Impedance differential plane for fault detection and faulty phase identification of FACTS compensated transmission line , 2019 .

[27]  Nengling Tai,et al.  Sequence-component-based current differential protection for transmission lines connected with IIGs , 2018 .

[28]  Heresh Seyedi,et al.  Adaptive CWT-based transmission line differential protection scheme considering cross-country faults and CT saturation , 2016 .

[29]  S. R. Samantaray,et al.  A fast time–frequency transform based differential relaying scheme for UPFC based double-circuit transmission line , 2016 .

[30]  Aleena Swetapadma,et al.  An artificial neural network‐based solution to locate the multilocation faults in double circuit series capacitor compensated transmission lines , 2018 .

[31]  S. K. Swain,et al.  A new time–frequency approach for hybrid differential and impedance protection of transmission lines , 2014 .

[32]  K. R. Krishnanand,et al.  A New Real-Time Fast Discrete S-Transform for Cross-Differential Protection of Shunt-Compensated Power Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[33]  Rudra Prakash Maheshwari,et al.  New differential protection scheme for tapped transmission line , 2008 .

[34]  Rudra Prakash Maheshwari,et al.  Versatile relaying algorithm for detection and classification of fault on transmission line , 2020 .

[35]  Rudra Prakash Maheshwari,et al.  Improved Fault Classification in Series Compensated Transmission Line: Comparative Evaluation of Chebyshev Neural Network Training Algorithms , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems.

[36]  Rudra Prakash Maheshwari,et al.  Percentage Differential Protection of Double-circuit Line Using Wavelet Transform , 2007 .

[37]  Shubhrata Gupta,et al.  Empirical Mode Decomposition Assisted Fault Localization for UPFC Compensated System , 2020, 2020 21st National Power Systems Conference (NPSC).

[38]  Amr M. Youssef,et al.  An Intrusion Detection Method for Line Current Differential Relays , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security.

[39]  Aleena Swetapadma,et al.  Enhancing the performance of transmission line directional relaying, fault classification and fault location schemes using fuzzy inference system , 2015 .

[40]  Hasan Mehrjerdi,et al.  A pilot protection algorithm for TCSC compensated transmission line with accurate fault location capability , 2020 .

[41]  Sunita Halder nee Dey,et al.  Differential voltage‐based fault detection during power swing , 2019, IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution.

[42]  Jiawei Xing,et al.  Phase-Space-Based Pilot Main Protection for a Transmission Line Immune to Timing Attack and Controllable Shunt Reactors , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[43]  Z. Yining,et al.  Phaselet-based current differential protection scheme based on transient capacitive current compensation , 2008 .

[44]  Yu Liu,et al.  Dynamic State Estimation Based Protection on Series Compensated Transmission Lines , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.