About the dynamic uniaxial tensile strength of concrete-like materials

Abstract Experimental methods for determining the tensile strength of concrete-like materials over a wide range of strain-rates from 10−4 to 102 s−1 are examined in this paper. Experimental data based on these techniques show that the tensile strength increases apparently with strain-rate when the strain-rate is above a critical value of around 100–101 s−1. However, it is still not clear that whether the tensile strength enhancement of concrete-like materials with strain-rate is genuine (i.e. it can be attributed to only the strain-rate effect) or it involves “structural” effects such as inertia and stress triaxility effects. To clarify this argumentation, numerical analyses of direct dynamic tensile tests, dynamic splitting tests and spalling tests are performed by employing a hydrostatic-stress-dependent macroscopic model (K&C concrete model) without considering strain-rate effect. It is found that the predicted results from these three types of dynamic tensile tests do not show any strain-rate dependency, which indicates that the strain-rate enhancement of the tensile strength observed in dynamic tensile tests is a genuine material effect. A micro-mechanism model is developed to demonstrate that microcrack inertia is one of the mechanisms responsible for the increase of dynamic tensile strength with strain-rate observed in the dynamic tensile tests on concrete-like materials.

[1]  Francisco Gálvez,et al.  Numerical modelling of SHPB splitting tests , 2003 .

[2]  Sang-Ho Cho,et al.  Strain-rate dependency of the dynamic tensile strength of rock , 2003 .

[3]  Guruswami Ravichandran,et al.  A micromechanical model for high strain rate behavior of ceramics , 1995 .

[4]  Joseph W. Tedesco,et al.  A strain-rate-dependent concrete material model for ADINA , 1997 .

[5]  MEASUREMENTS OF STRESS AND STRAIN ON CYLINDRICAL TEST SPECIMENS OF ROCK AND CONCRETE UNDER IMPACT LOADING , 1966 .

[6]  Ferenc D. Tamás,et al.  Properties of concrete (fourth edition): A.M. Neville. Longman Scientific & Technical Ltd. 1995. ISBN 0-582-23070-5 , 1996 .

[7]  Qingming Li,et al.  Local impact effects of hard missiles on concrete targets , 2005 .

[8]  F. Toutlemonde,et al.  Effect of loading rate on the tensile behaviour of concrete: description of the physical mechanisms , 1996 .

[9]  Qingming Li,et al.  About the dynamic strength enhancement of concrete-like materials in a split Hopkinson pressure bar test , 2003 .

[10]  D. Fanella.  Fracture and failure of concrete in uniaxial and biaxial loading , 1990 .

[11]  Dongming Yan,et al.  Dynamic properties of concrete in direct tension , 2006 .

[12]  George Solomos,et al.  Mechanical characterisation of concrete in tension and compression at high strain rate using a modified Hopkinson bar , 2009 .

[13]  J. Klepaczko,et al.  Experimental characterization of concrete in dynamic tension , 2006 .

[14]  Wei Li,et al.  Dynamic split tensile test of Flattened Brazilian Disc of rock with SHPB setup , 2009 .

[15]  K. T. Ramesh,et al.  An interacting micro-crack damage model for failure of brittle materials under compression , 2008 .

[16]  M. Berra,et al.  Strain-rate effect on the tensile behaviour of concrete at different relative humidity levels , 2001 .

[17]  Ezio Cadoni,et al.  Study of the mechanical properties of plain concrete under dynamic loading , 1999 .

[18]  L. Malvar,et al.  Dynamic Increase Factors for Concrete , 1998 .

[19]  Sia Nemat-Nasser,et al.  Strain-rate effect on brittle failure in compression , 1994 .

[20]  Ezio Cadoni,et al.  HIGH-STRAIN-RATE TENSILE BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE , 2000 .

[21]  Joseph W. Tedesco,et al.  Numerical analysis of high strain rate concrete direct tension tests , 1991 .

[22]  Kurt H. Gerstle,et al.  Behavior of Concrete Under Biaxial Stresses , 1969 .

[23]  Antoine E. Naaman,et al.  Numerical simulation of the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar test technique for concrete under compression , 2010 .

[24]  Qingming Li,et al.  Correlation between the accuracy of a SHPB test and the stress uniformity based on numerical experiments , 2003 .

[25]  L Leininger,et al.  Concrete Model Descriptions and Summary of Benchmark Studies for Blast Effects Simulations , 2005 .

[26]  Hans W. Reinhardt,et al.  Joint investigation of concrete at high rates of loading , 1990 .

[27]  P. Rossi,et al.  INFLUENCE OF FREE WATER IN CONCRETE ON THE CRACKING PROCESS , 1990 .

[28]  J. Oliver,et al.  A strain-based plastic viscous-damage model for massive concrete structures , 1998 .

[29]  John W. Hutchinson,et al.  Dynamic Fracture Mechanics , 1990 .

[30]  Hans W. Reinhardt,et al.  Tensile Tests and Failure Analysis of Concrete , 1986 .

[31]  F. Donze,et al.  Discrete element modelling of concrete submitted to dynamic loading at high strain rates , 2004 .

[32]  Ghatu Subhash,et al.  Influence of lateral confinement on dynamic damage evolution during uniaxial compressive response of brittle solids , 2003 .

[33]  P. Rossi.  A physical phenomenon which can explain the mechanical behaviour of concrete under high strain rates , 1991 .

[34]  Q. M. Li,et al.  Modeling Strain Rate Effect of Heterogeneous Materials Using SPH Method , 2010 .

[35]  F. Huang,et al.  Further investigation on the dynamic compressive strength enhancement of concrete-like materials based on split Hopkinson pressure bar tests. Part I: Experiments , 2009 .

[36]  Hong Hao,et al.  Mesoscale modelling of concrete tensile failure mechanism at high strain rates , 2008 .

[37]  Joseph W. Tedesco,et al.  Strain-rate-dependent constitutive equations for concrete , 1998 .

[38]  Ezio Cadoni,et al.  Influence of Aggregate Size on Strain-Rate Tensile Behavior of Concrete , 2001 .

[39]  Demetrios M. Cotsovos,et al.  Numerical investigation of concrete subjected to high rates of uniaxial tensile loading , 2008 .

[40]  Masuhiro Beppu,et al.  Numerical analysis method for the RC and geological structures subjected to extreme loading by energetic materials , 2007 .

[41]  J. Klepaczko,et al.  An experimental method for dynamic tensile testing of concrete by spalling , 2001 .

[42]  H. W. Reinhardt.  Concrete under Impact Loading, Tensile Strength and Bond , 1982 .

[43]  P. Rossi,et al.  The dynamic behaviour of concrete: influence of free water , 1992 .

[44]  L. Malvar,et al.  A PLASTICITY CONCRETE MATERIAL MODEL FOR DYNA3D , 1997 .

[45]  H. Quinney,et al.  Experiments with the Hopkinson Pressure Bar , 1923 .

[46]  H. L. Nard,et al.  Dynamic behaviour of concrete: the structural effects on compressive strength increase , 2000 .

[47]  J. W. Tedesco,et al.  Effects of Strain Rate on Concrete Strength , 1995 .

[48]  F. Gálvez Dı́az-Rubio,et al.  The spalling of long bars as a reliable method of measuring the dynamic tensile strength of ceramics , 2002 .

[49]  H. Hao,et al.  Modelling of compressive behaviour of concrete-like materials at high strain rate , 2008 .

[50]  L. Javier Malvar,et al.  Review of Strain Rate Effects for Concrete in Tension , 1998 .

[51]  K. Thoma,et al.  Spall experiments for the measurement of the tensile strength and fracture energy of concrete at high strain rates , 2006 .

[52]  Qingming Zhang,et al.  Experimental and numerical investigation on the dynamic tensile strength of concrete , 2005 .

[53]  P. Rossi,et al.  Influence of cracking in the presence of free water on the mechanical behaviour of concrete , 1991 .

[54]  A. J. Zielinski.  Fracture of concrete and mortar under uniaxial impact tensile loading , 1982 .

[55]  Joseph W. Tedesco,et al.  Moisture and Strain Rate Effects on Concrete Strength , 1996 .

[56]  Mark K McVay.  Spall Damage of Concrete Structures , 1988 .

[57]  L. D. Bertholf,et al.  Two-dimensional analysis of the split hopkinson pressure bar system☆ , 1975 .

[58]  Comite Euro-International du Beton,et al.  CEB-FIP Model Code 1990 , 1993 .