Die Erforschung menschlicher Intelligenz

Stellen wir uns jeweils 20 neun- bis zehnjahrige Kinder in drei Klassen A, B, C der vierten Jahrgangsstufe einer Grundschule vor, die von drei unterschiedlichen Mathematiklehrpersonen unterrichtet werden. Die Schuler/innen beherrschen bereits die numerischen Grundoperationen Addition und Subtraktion im kleinen Zahlenbereich, sollen nun aber erstmalig mathematische Textaufgaben folgender Art losen: (a) Maria hat 8 Murmeln. Sie hat 3 Murmeln mehr als Hans. Michael hat 5 Murmeln. Er hat 2 Murmeln weniger als Elisabeth. Wie viele Murmeln haben Hans und Elisabeth zusammen? (b) Susanne zieht jeden Tag eine Hose mit einem T-Shirt an. Sie mochte gern jeden Tag anders angezogen sein. Sie hat 3 Hosen und 5 T-Shirts. An wie vielen Tagen kann sie anders angezogen sein? Zur Losung derartiger Aufgaben mussen neben Kenntnissen uber die mathematischen Grundoperationen zweifellos Fahigkeiten zum schlussfolgernden Denken, genauer genommen zum deduktiven Denken zur Anwendung kommen. Dabei mussen aus vorgegebenen Informationen neue Informationen erschlossen werden.

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