The Role of Consumption of Molybdenum Biofortified Crops in Bone Homeostasis and Healthy Aging

Osteoporosis is a chronic disease and public health issue in aging populations. Inadequate intake of micronutrients increases the risk of bone loss during an adult’s lifespan and therefore of osteoporosis. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of consumption of biofortified crops with the micronutrient molybdenum (Mo) on bone remodeling and metabolism in a population of adults and seniors. The trial enrolled 42 senior and 42 adult people randomly divided into three groups that consumed lettuce biofortified with molybdenum (Mo-biofortified group) or without biofortification (control group) or molybdenum in a tablet (Mo-tablet group) for 12 days. We chose an experimental period of 12 days because the bone remodeling marker levels are influenced in the short term. Therefore, a period of 12 days allows us to determine if there are changes in the indicators. Blood samples, obtained at time zero and at the end of the study, were compared within the groups adults and seniors for the markers of bone resorption, C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) and bone formation osteocalcin, along with the markers of bone metabolism, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, albumin-adjusted calcium, vitamin D, phosphate and potassium. Consumption of a Mo tablet did not affect bone metabolism in the study. Consumption of Mo-biofortified lettuce significantly reduced levels of CTX and PTH and increased vitamin D in adults and seniors while levels of osteocalcin, calcitonin, calcium, potassium and phosphate were not affected. The study opens up new considerations about the role of nutrition and supplementation in the prevention of chronic diseases in middle-aged and older adults. Consumption of Mo-biofortified lettuce positively impacts bone metabolism in middle-aged and older adults through reduced bone resorption and improved bone metabolism while supplementation of Mo tablets did not affect bone remodeling or metabolism. Therefore, Mo-biofortified lettuce may be used as a nutrition intervention to improve bone homeostasis and prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis in the elderly.

[1]  Y. Rouphael,et al.  Current Acquaintance on Agronomic Biofortification to Modulate the Yield and Functional Value of Vegetable Crops: A Review , 2023, Horticulturae.

[2]  Carlo Rossi,et al.  Fighting the Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Mindfulness, Exercise, and Nutrition Practices to Reduce Eating Disorders and Promote Sustainability , 2023, Sustainability.

[3]  A. Tonkin,et al.  Association of Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level With Risk of Fractures in Healthy Older Adults. , 2023, JAMA cardiology.

[4]  B. Blasco,et al.  Iron Biofortification of Greenhouse Soilless Lettuce: An Effective Agronomic Tool to Improve the Dietary Mineral Intake , 2022, Agronomy.

[5]  A. Macaluso,et al.  A New Potential Dietary Approach to Supply Micronutrients to Physically Active People through Consumption of Biofortified Vegetables , 2022, Nutrients.

[6]  S. Lanham-New,et al.  Modifiable risk factors for bone health & fragility fractures. , 2022, Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology.

[7]  Jikai Liu.  Antiaging agents: safe interventions to slow aging and healthy life span extension , 2022, Natural products and bioprospecting.

[8]  Y. Rouphael,et al.  Stand-Alone or Combinatorial Effects of Grafting and Microbial and Non-Microbial Derived Compounds on Vigour, Yield and Nutritive and Functional Quality of Greenhouse Eggplant , 2022, Plants.

[9]  S. Vasto,et al.  Impact on Glucose Homeostasis: Is Food Biofortified with Molybdenum a Workable Solution? A Two-Arm Study , 2022, Nutrients.

[10]  P. Picone,et al.  Biofortification: Effect of Iodine Fortified Food in the Healthy Population, Double-Arm Nutritional Study , 2022, Frontiers in Nutrition.

[11]  D. Killilea,et al.  Mineral requirements for mitochondrial function: A connection to redox balance and cellular differentiation. , 2022, Free radical biology & medicine.

[12]  S. Vasto,et al.  Is the Secret in the Gut? SuperJump Activity Improves Bone Remodeling and Glucose Homeostasis by GLP-1 and GIP Peptides in Eumenorrheic Women , 2022, Biology.

[13]  R. Omelka,et al.  The Role of Macronutrients, Micronutrients and Flavonoid Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis , 2022, Nutrients.

[14]  D. Korovljev,et al.  The Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Bone Health in Children and Adolescents , 2021, Frontiers in Endocrinology.

[15]  Feng-Sheng Wang,et al.  Biophysical Modulation of the Mitochondrial Metabolism and Redox in Bone Homeostasis and Osteoporosis: How Biophysics Converts into Bioenergetics , 2021, Antioxidants.

[16]  Yongguang Gao,et al.  The Development of Molecular Biology of Osteoporosis , 2021, International journal of molecular sciences.

[17]  Y. Rouphael,et al.  Selenium biofortification and grafting modulate plant performance and functional features of cherry tomato grown in a soilless system , 2021, Scientia Horticulturae.

[18]  Y. Rouphael,et al.  Impact of Ecklonia maxima Seaweed Extract and Mo Foliar Treatments on Biofortification, Spinach Yield, Quality and NUE , 2021, Plants.

[19]  Y. Rouphael,et al.  Protein Hydrolysates and Mo-Biofortification Interactively Modulate Plant Performance and Quality of ‘Canasta’ Lettuce Grown in a Protected Environment , 2021, Agronomy.

[20]  S. Vasto,et al.  Iodine Biofortification Counters Micronutrient Deficiency and Improve Functional Quality of Open Field Grown Curly Endive , 2021, Horticulturae.

[21]  S. Yao,et al.  Biomonitorization of concentrations of 28 elements in serum and urine among workers exposed to indium compounds , 2021, PloS one.

[22]  P. Proia,et al.  Analysis of Body Perception, Preworkout Meal Habits and Bone Resorption in Child Gymnasts , 2021, International journal of environmental research and public health.

[23]  Y. Rouphael,et al.  Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Performances as Subjected to Different Sources of Protein Hydrolysates , 2020, Plants.

[24]  Laura C. Greaves,et al.  Mitochondrial dysfunction impairs osteogenesis, increases osteoclast activity, and accelerates age related bone loss , 2020, Scientific Reports.

[25]  G. Messina,et al.  Effects of protein supplementation in fitness world: A 12-week cross-over studio , 2020, Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2020 - Winter Conferences of Sports Science.

[26]  J. Holst,et al.  Increased Body Weight and Fat Mass After Subchronic GIP Receptor Antagonist, but Not GLP-2 Receptor Antagonist, Administration in Rats , 2019, Front. Endocrinol..

[27]  J. Holst,et al.  Gut Hormones and Their Effect on Bone Metabolism. Potential Drug Therapies in Future Osteoporosis Treatment , 2019, Front. Endocrinol..

[28]  C. De Pasquale,et al.  Interactive Effects of Genotype and Molybdenum Supply on Yield and Overall Fruit Quality of Tomato , 2019, Front. Plant Sci..

[29]  C. Caruso,et al.  Fibres as functional foods and the effects on gut hormones: The example of β-glucans in a single arm pilot study , 2018, Journal of Functional Foods.

[30]  C. Cortis,et al.  Physical activity, nutrition and bone health , 2018 .

[31]  K. Hans,et al.  Micronutrients in the life cycle: Requirements and sufficient supply , 2018, NFS Journal.

[32]  R. Baron,et al.  Targeting WNT signaling in the treatment of osteoporosis. , 2018, Current opinion in pharmacology.

[33]  S. Vasto,et al.  Beta-glucans and cancer: The influence of inflammation and gut peptide. , 2017, European journal of medicinal chemistry.

[34]  S. Hays,et al.  Biomonitoring Equivalents for molybdenum. , 2016, Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP.

[35]  S. Khundmiri,et al.  PTH and Vitamin D. , 2016, Comprehensive Physiology.

[36]  Efsa Panel on Dietetic Products.  Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for molybdenum. , 2013 .

[37]  F. D’Anna,et al.  Morphological and agronomical characterization of eggplant genetic resources from the Sicily area , 2013 .

[38]  J. Novotny.  Molybdenum Nutriture in Humans , 2011 .

[39]  J. Reiss,et al.  Molybdenum cofactor deficiency: Mutations in GPHN, MOCS1, and MOCS2 , 2011, Human mutation.

[40]  D. Medeiros,et al.  Dietary Reference Intakes: the Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements edited by JJ Otten, JP Hellwig, and LD Meyers, 2006, 560 pages, hardcover, $44.96. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC. , 2007 .

[41]  J. Turnlund,et al.  Molybdenum intake influences molybdenum kinetics in men. , 2007, The Journal of nutrition.

[42]  Jennifer J. Otten,et al.  DRI, Dietary reference intakes : the essential guide to nutrient requirements , 2006 .

[43]  A. Khandare,et al.  Beneficial Effect of Copper Supplementation on Deposition of Fluoride in Bone in Fluoride- and Molybdenum-Fed Rabbits , 2005, Calcified Tissue International.

[44]  J. Nieves,et al.  Osteoporosis: the role of micronutrients. , 2005, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[45]  B. Ames,et al.  Are vitamin and mineral deficiencies a major cancer risk? , 2002, Nature Reviews Cancer.

[46]  Miikka Vikkula,et al.  LDL Receptor-Related Protein 5 (LRP5) Affects Bone Accrual and Eye Development , 2001, Cell.