Active travel behavior

Abstract Physical inactivity has become a dominant feature of most American's lives over the past quarter century. This has spurred an entire research domain straddling several different disciplines. Although model development within the field of travel behavior as a whole continues today with more momentum than ever, the focus on active mode choice has largely been overlooked and left to a small fragment of transportation and public health researchers. Research regarding active mode choice has been primarily conducted outside the field of travel behavior and has utilized research methods designed for other purposes. This leads to results which address behavioral causality in a superficial way while also neglecting the role of residential self-selection. This paper provides an overview of existing travel behavior analysis regarding active mode choice, presents potential threats to validity in this type of research, and critiques existing intervention methodologies. Additionally, a conceptual model of active travel behavior is presented and the roots of each component are discussed. By applying the rigor of travel behavior research to the subfield of active travel behavior research, and incorporating the conceptual model provided, great strides can be made relatively quickly in understanding animate mode choice and active travel behavior.

[1]  Susan L Handy.  Community Design and Physical Activity: What Do We Know? - and what DON'T we know? , 2004 .

[2]  R. Golledge,et al.  Spatial Behavior: A Geographic Perspective , 1996 .

[3]  Donald G. Janelle,et al.  Impact of Information Technologies , 2004 .

[4]  B. Giles-Corti,et al.  Socioeconomic status differences in recreational physical activity levels and real and perceived access to a supportive physical environment. , 2002, Preventive medicine.

[5]  J. Grimshaw,et al.  Research designs for studies evaluating the effectiveness of change and improvement strategies , 2003, Quality & safety in health care.

[6]  Tae-Gyu Kim,et al.  Travel Behavior Comparisons of Active Living and Inactive Living Lifestyles , 2006 .

[7]  Gary Barnes,et al.  Longitudinal Analysis of Effect of Bicycle Facilities on Commute Mode Share , 2006 .

[8]  N. Sanko.  Guidelines for Stated Preference Experiment Design , 2001 .

[9]  Konstadinos G. Goulias,et al.  Preliminary Assessment of Activity Analysis and Modeling for Homeland Security Applications , 2006 .

[10]  R E Killingsworth,et al.  BUILDING A NEW PARADIGM: IMPROVING PUBLIC HEALTH THROUGH TRANSPORTATION , 2003 .

[11]  J F Sallis,et al.  Promoting physical activity in rural communities: walking trail access, use, and effects. , 2000, American journal of preventive medicine.

[12]  Patrlcla,et al.  How derived is the demand for travel ? Some conceptual and measurement considerations , 2004 .

[13]  Michael J. Greenwald,et al.  The Built Environment as a Determinant of Walking Behavior: Analyzing Non-Work Pedestrian Travel in Portland, Oregon , 2001 .

[14]  C. Forinash.  Travel and Environmental Implications of School Siting , 2003 .

[15]  Scott Bell,et al.  Introduction to Scientific Research Methods in Geography , 2007 .

[16]  B. Giles-Corti,et al.  The relative influence of individual, social and physical environment determinants of physical activity. , 2002, Social science & medicine.

[17]  K Saelensminde,et al.  WALKING AND CYCLING TRACK NETWORKS IN NORWEGIAN CITIES. COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES INCLUDING HEALTH EFFECTS AND EXTERNAL COSTS OF ROAD TRAFFIC , 2002 .

[18]  Ross C Brownson,et al.  A multilevel ecological approach to promoting walking in rural communities. , 2005, Preventive medicine.

[19]  Todd Litman,et al.  Integrating Public Health Objectives in Transportation Decision-Making , 2003, American journal of health promotion : AJHP.

[20]  Kelly J. Clifton,et al.  Local shopping as a strategy for reducing automobile travel , 2001 .

[21]  Marlon G. Boarnet,et al.  Built Environment as Determinant of Walking Behavior: Analyzing Nonwork Pedestrian Travel in Portland, Oregon , 2001 .

[22]  J. Sallis,et al.  Environmental correlates of walking and cycling: Findings from the transportation, urban design, and planning literatures , 2003, Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine.

[23]  Stephen G. Ritchie,et al.  STOCHASTIC MODELING AND REAL-TIME PREDICTION OF VEHICULAR LANE-CHANGING BEHAVIOR , 2001 .

[24]  I. Cullen,et al.  Urban Networks: The Structure of Activity Patterns , 1975 .

[25]  Frank S. Koppelman,et al.  An examination of the determinants of day-to-day variability in individuals' urban travel behavior , 1986 .

[26]  R. Brownson,et al.  Environmental and policy determinants of physical activity in the United States. , 2001, American journal of public health.

[27]  Jennifer Spaeth,et al.  Task Force on Community Preventive Services , 2009 .

[28]  Lawrence D. Frank,et al.  Active transportation and physical activity: opportunities for collaboration on transportation and public health research , 2004 .

[29]  R. Yaffee.  A Primer for Panel Data Analysis , 2003 .

[30]  N. Hayes.  Principles Of Social Psychology , 1993 .

[31]  R. LaPiere.  Attitudes vs Actions. 1934. , 1934, International journal of epidemiology.

[32]  T. Golob,et al.  Effects of Land Use Characteristics on Residence and Employment Location and Travel Behavior of Urban Adult Workers , 2006 .

[33]  Torsten Hägerstraand.  WHAT ABOUT PEOPLE IN REGIONAL SCIENCE , 1970 .

[34]  Patricia Dolan Mullen,et al.  Developing an Evidence-Based Guide to Community Preventive Services—Methods , 2000 .

[35]  Matthew J. Roorda,et al.  Prototype Model of Household Activity-Travel Scheduling , 2003 .

[36]  Icek Ajzen,et al.  From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior , 1985 .

[37]  Ilan Salomon,et al.  How Derived is the Demand for Travel? Some Conceptual and Measurement Considerations , 2001 .

[38]  K G Goulias,et al.  TRAVEL BEHAVIOR AND VALUES RESEARCH FOR HUMAN-CENTERED TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS , 2000 .

[39]  A. Manley.  Physical Activity And Health: A Report Of The Surgeon General , 2004 .

[40]  Eliahu Stern,et al.  Behavioural modelling of road users: current research and future needs , 2005 .

[41]  P. Muller.  TRANSPORTATION AND URBAN FORM: STAGES IN THE SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF THE AMERICAN METROPOLIS , 1986 .

[42]  B. Verplanken,et al.  Habit, attitude, and planned behaviour : is habit an empty construct or an interesting case of goal-directed automaticity? , 1999 .

[43]  R. Johnston.  The Urban Transportation Planning Process , 2004 .

[44]  I. Ajzen,et al.  Attitudes toward objects as predictors of sin-gle and multiple behavioral criteria , 1974 .

[45]  Harry Timmermans,et al.  Activity-Based Approaches to Travel Analysis , 1997 .

[46]  S. M. Chambers,et al.  Psychological and Situational Influences on Commuter-Transport-Mode Choice , 2005 .

[47]  Nancy P Humphrey,et al.  TRB Special Report: Does the Built Environment Influence Physical Activity? Examining the Evidence , 2005 .

[48]  John B. Willett,et al.  Methodological Issues in the Design of Longitudinal Research: Principles and Recommendations for a Quantitative Study of Teachers’ Careers , 1996 .

[49]  Kelly J. Clifton,et al.  Evaluating neighborhood accessibility: possibilities and practicalities , 2001 .

[50]  E. I. Pas.  THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS , 1986 .

[51]  C. Carson Conrad,et al.  The president's council on physical fitness and sports , 1981 .

[52]  John L. Renne,et al.  Socioeconomics of Urban Travel: Evidence from the 2001 NHTS , 2003 .

[53]  Rebecca K. Ratner,et al.  Choosing less-preferred experiences for the sake of variety. , 1999 .

[54]  R. Pate,et al.  Associations between self-reported and objective physical environmental factors and use of a community rail-trail. , 2001, Preventive medicine.

[55]  P. Mokhtarian,et al.  Self-Selection in the Relationship between the Built Environment and Walking: Empirical Evidence from Northern California , 2006 .

[56]  S. Raudenbush,et al.  Relationship between Urban Sprawl and Physical Activity, Obesity, and Morbidity , 2003, American journal of health promotion : AJHP.

[57]  Task Force on Community Preventive Services.  Recommendations to increase physical activity in communities. , 2002, American journal of preventive medicine.

[58]  A. Bandura.  Social Foundations of Thought and Action , 1986 .

[59]  Reid Ewing,et al.  Can the Physical Environment Determine Physical Activity Levels? , 2005, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[60]  S. Bamberg,et al.  Does habitual car use not lead to more resistance to change of travel mode? , 2003 .

[61]  Harry Timmermans,et al.  ALBATROSS: Multiagent, Rule-Based Model of Activity Pattern Decisions , 2000 .

[62]  A. Weinstein.  PREDICTING BEHAVIOR FROM ATTITUDES , 1972 .

[63]  M. Kreuter,et al.  A community-based approach to promoting walking in rural areas. , 2004, American journal of preventive medicine.

[64]  A. Herring,et al.  Evaluating change in physical activity with the building of a multi-use trail. , 2005, American journal of preventive medicine.

[65]  Ryuichi Kitamura,et al.  Panel Analysis in Transportation Planning: An Overview , 1990 .

[66]  A. W. Wicker.  Attitudes Versus Actions: The Relationship of Verbal and Overt Behavioral Responses to Attitude Objects. , 1969 .

[67]  Todd Litman,et al.  Economic Value of Walkability Economic Value of Walkability , 2022 .

[68]  J. Townsend,et al.  Decision field theory: a dynamic-cognitive approach to decision making in an uncertain environment. , 1993, Psychological review.