Experiments have been conducted to assess the effect of particle shape on pipeline friction in turbulent flow, using laboratory pipelines of nominal diameter 50 mm and 150 mm. The experiments were intended to examine the extent to which a fluid model is appropriate for slurries of this type, especially at high solids concentrations. The experiments confirm that fluid friction at low and moderate solids concentrations is proportional to slurry density, with particle shape being of minor importance. At high solids concentrations, additional increases in friction are observed and these depend upon the ratio of the solids concentration to the maximum settled concentration. Although this friction increase is qualitatively similar to that which would result from increased slurry viscosity, the evidence suggests that particle-wall contact is the mechanism. However, the transition from turbulent to laminar flow indicates that an effective viscosity should be used in calculating critical Reynolds numbers.
Afin d'evaluer l'effet de la forme des particules sur le frottement dans les pipelines en regime turbulent, des experiences ont ete menees avec des pipelines de laboratoire d'un diametre nominal de 50 mm et de 150 mm. Le but de ces experiences etait de voir jusqu'a quel point un fluide modele est approprie pour ce type de suspensions, en particulier a de fortes concentrations de solides. Les experiences confirment que le frottement du fluide a des concentrations de solides faibles ou moyennes est proportionnel a la masse volumique des suspensions, la forme des particules etant de peu d'importance. A de fortes concentrations de solides, on observe un accroissement supplementaire du frottement qui est lie au rapport entre la concentration de solides et la concentration sedimentee maximum. Bien que cette augmentation du frottement soit d'un point de vue qualitatif semblable a ce qu'il reulterait d'une viscosite accrue des suspensions, selon toutes les apparences le mecanisme reside dans le contact particules-paroi. Cependant, la transition de l'ecoulement turbulent a l'ecoulement laminaire indique qu'une viscosite effective devrait ##etre utilisee dans le calcul des nombres de Reynolds critiques.
[1]
David G. Thomas.
Transport characteristics of suspension: VIII. A note on the viscosity of Newtonian suspensions of uniform spherical particles
,
1965
.
[2]
Pipeline Flow of Heavy Crude Oil Emulsions
,
1998
.
[3]
Clifton A. Shook,et al.
Solids transport by laminar Newtonian flows
,
1999
.
[4]
Randall Gordon Gillies,et al.
Pipeline flow of coarse particle slurries
,
1993
.
[5]
K. C. Wilson,et al.
An improved two layer model for horizontal slurry pipeline flow
,
1991
.
[6]
C. A. Shook,et al.
Modelling high concentration settling slurry flows
,
2000
.
[7]
Kenneth C. Wilson,et al.
Slip Point of Beds in Solid-Liquid Pipeline Flow
,
1970
.
[8]
Clifton A. Shook,et al.
CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTIONS OF SAND SLURRIES IN HORIZONTAL PIPE FLOW
,
1994
.
[9]
R. Bagnold.
Experiments on a gravity-free dispersion of large solid spheres in a Newtonian fluid under shear
,
1954,
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.
[10]
C. A. Shook.
Experiments with concentrated slurries of particles with densities near that of the carrier fluid
,
1985
.