교통사고비용 추정 방법론 정립

Estimation methodologies were developed for traffic accident costs in Korea. Especially road traffic accident costs were based on data from the integrated road traffic database provided by the Road Traffic Authority of Korea. This study estimates the social costs of traffic accidents in 2011 using the Gross Lost Output Approach. This approach is considered to be the most suitable method for the particular economic environment of Korea. Accident costs consist of future income loss, medical costs, property damage costs, related administration costs and PGS (Pain, Grief and Suffering) of the victims. The Korea Transport Institute (KOTI) has been measuring the annual road accident costs of Korea since 1995. In 2003, KOTI began to estimate total multimodal accident costs, including those from the rail, marine and aviation sectors. A total of 898,422 accidents were reported in 2011, resulting in 5,450 deaths and 1,435,073 injuries included in all transportation modes. The resulting total accident costs totalled 39 trillion won, equivalent to approximately 3.15% of Korea’s 2011 GDP. Roadway accident costs amounted to 38.7 trillion won. These costs accounted for nearly the entirety of total transportation accident costs. The accident costs of aviation, marine and rail modes were 171.2 billion won, 152.6 billion won and 54.0 billion won respectively. The accident costs per accident showed that aviation, railway, marine and road accidents cost 19.0 billion won, 267.0 million won, 161.3 million won, and 35.6 million won respectively. Psychological costs, which are expressed as a ratio of involvement in total compensations, were not influenced by varying judgment contexts, specifically change in perspective from victim to culprit or vice versa. However, subjective expectations of total compensations, which by the definition of WTP depends on one’s perspective, were highly contingent upon the amount a victim is guaranteed against damage or loss. The psychological unit cost per individual amounted to 281 million won for fatality, 122.7 million won for serious injury, and 24.5 million won for minor injuries. The psychological costs of road, rail, marine and aviation modes were 18.6 trillion won, 22.8 billion won, and 51.3 billion won, 3.1 billion won respectively.