Enhancing training effectiveness for organizations through blockchain-enabled training effectiveness measurement (BETEM)

Due to technology advancement or transparency in system, there is a constant inflow and outflow of technology in the business for transparency and efficiency. To seize a competitive advantage, companies have emerged new technological solutions to respond to the change in the organization environment. There is a surge in the requirement of learning opportunities and effective training programs in the organization. The current study has been an effort to understand the potential of blockchain technology that can create better training evaluation.,The electronic-Delphi (e-Delphi) method has been conducted by recording the final consensus and to find a balance for implementation of blockchain technology and measuring training effectiveness. The current research is one of its new types where blockchain-enabled training effectiveness measurement (BETEM) model has been formulated using a qualitative approach.,The study has considered human resource (HR) professionals as the experts and based on their responses, the formulation of theoretical network model has been structured using e-Delphi–BETEM (e-DLH–BETEM) approach. By critically examining the experts’ responses and comments, the study formulated the four major themes and 11 subthemes for the smooth functioning of the BETEM for an organization.,The research aims to aid innovations in BETEMs model for training evaluation. The model will contribute incrementally toward the complete transformation of the training development programs of employees. The goal of BETEMs is to ensure that organizations, specifically HR personals can prepare themselves to have competitive advantage by using blockchain technology.,The application of blockchain technology in measuring the training effectiveness is an addition to existing literature as majority of existing studies have studied the use of technology for measuring training effectiveness.

[1]  Justin M. Weinhardt,et al.  Approaching evaluation from a multilevel perspective: A comprehensive analysis of the indicators of training effectiveness , 2017, Human Resource Management Review.

[2]  A. Gegenfurtner,et al.  Stability or change? Effects of training length and time lag on achievement goal orientations and transfer of training , 2013 .

[3]  Chia-Chien Hsu,et al.  The Delphi Technique: Making Sense of Consensus , 2007 .

[4]  Steven Hornik,et al.  An empirical examination of factors contributing to the creation of successful e-learning environments , 2008, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[5]  Jane Andrews,et al.  All change? Managers' experience of organizational change in theory and practice , 2008 .

[6]  Roni Reiter-Palmon,et al.  Development of an O*NET Web-Based Job Analysis and its Implementation in the U. S. Navy: Lessons Learned , 2006 .

[7]  Logan L. Watts,et al.  How Do We Know What Works? A Review and Critique of Current Practices in Ethics Training Evaluation , 2016, Accountability in research.

[8]  B. Herbig,et al.  A training intervention for home care nurses in cross-cultural communication: an evaluation study of changes in attitudes, knowledge, and behavior. , 2019, Journal of advanced nursing.

[9]  Laís Mariano Zanin,et al.  Knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers in food safety: An integrative review. , 2017, Food research international.

[10]  Hermine Scheeres,et al.  Between cultures: values, training and identity in a manufacturing firm , 2006 .

[11]  E. Türkmen,et al.  Determining nursing service management standards in Turkey: A Delphi study. , 2020, Journal of nursing management.

[12]  Yichuan Wang,et al.  An integrated big data analytics-enabled transformation model: Application to health care , 2018, Inf. Manag..

[13]  L. Ocampo,et al.  The use of the Delphi method with non-parametric analysis for identifying sustainability criteria and indicators in evaluating ecotourism management: the case of Penang National Park (Malaysia) , 2020, Environment Systems and Decisions.

[14]  Jesus Miguel,et al.  The e-DELPHI Method to Test the Importance Competence and Skills: Case of the Lifelong Learning Spanish Trainers , 2010 .

[15]  J. Bananuka,et al.  Training, employee engagement and employee performance: Evidence from Uganda’s health sector , 2018 .

[16]  Trainer attributes as drivers of training effectiveness , 2016 .

[17]  Alexeis Garcia-Perez,et al.  A knowledge-based view of people and technology: directions for a value co-creation-based learning organisation , 2019, J. Knowl. Manag..

[18]  Gaelle Picherit-Duthler,et al.  Employee benefits communication: proposing a PR-HR cooperative approach , 2004 .

[19]  Mick P. Couper,et al.  Some Methodological Uses of Responses to Open Questions and Other Verbatim Comments in Quantitative Surveys , 2017 .

[20]  Reid Bates.  A critical analysis of evaluation practice: the Kirkpatrick model and the principle of beneficence , 2004 .

[21]  Murray Turoff,et al.  The design of a policy Delphi , 1970 .

[22]  Steven D. Charlier,et al.  An Integrative Model of E-Learning Use: Leveraging Theory to Understand and Increase Usage , 2013 .

[23]  P. Seaman,et al.  Food hygiene training: Introducing the Food Hygiene Training Model , 2010 .

[24]  Michel Avital.  Peer Review: Toward a Blockchain-enabled Market-based Ecosystem , 2018, Commun. Assoc. Inf. Syst..

[25]  Jacqueline M. Swank,et al.  Teaching Competencies in Counselor Education: A Delphi Study , 2019, Counselor Education and Supervision.

[26]  Emma Parry,et al.  Desired goals and actual outcomes of e‐HRM , 2011 .

[27]  Chia-Chien Hsu,et al.  Minimizing Non-Response in The Delphi Process: How to Respond to Non-Response , 2007 .

[28]  Birgul Kutlu,et al.  Perceptions about and attitude toward the usage of e-learning in corporate training , 2017, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[29]  Binshan Lin,et al.  Accessing information sharing and information quality in supply chain management , 2006, Decis. Support Syst..

[30]  Yipeng Liu,et al.  Innovating through digital revolution , 2019, Management Decision.

[31]  Alfonso J. Gil,et al.  The training demand in organizational changes processes in the Spanish wine sector , 2015 .

[32]  Diane Wilcox,et al.  Training Evaluation: Knowing More Than Is Practiced , 2006 .

[33]  Annette Kluge,et al.  The Training Evaluation Inventory (TEI) - Evaluation of Training Design and Measurement of Training Outcomes for Predicting Training Success , 2014 .

[34]  Yolande E. Chan,et al.  Knowledge strategy typologies: defining dimensions and relationships , 2011 .

[35]  Fran Casino,et al.  A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: Current status, classification and open issues , 2019, Telematics Informatics.

[36]  Scott A. Snell,et al.  Virtual HR: Strategic human resource management in the 21st century , 1998 .

[37]  Statia Elliot,et al.  An application of Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process in understanding hotel corporate social responsibility performance scale , 2020, Journal of Sustainable Tourism.

[38]  W. Hofman,et al.  Perceived effects of competency-based training on the acquisition of professional skills , 2014 .

[39]  Yichuan Wang,et al.  Exploring the path to big data analytics success in healthcare , 2017 .

[40]  Mathias Weske,et al.  Blockchains for Business Process Management - Challenges and Opportunities , 2017, ACM Trans. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[41]  George Wright,et al.  The Delphi technique as a forecasting tool: issues and analysis , 1999 .

[42]  N. Belbaly,et al.  Managerial Creativity: The Roles of Dynamic Capabilities and Risk Preferences , 2017 .

[43]  T. Reio,et al.  A Critique of Kirkpatrick's Evaluation Model , 2017 .

[44]  Richard D. Johnson,et al.  The influence of technology on the future of human resource management , 2015 .

[45]  Gary N. McLean,et al.  Theories Supporting Transfer of Training. , 2001 .

[46]  Kerstin Cuhls,et al.  Real-Time Delphi in practice — A comparative analysis of existing software-based tools , 2017 .

[47]  Isabel Ramos,et al.  The Delphi Method in Information Systems Research (2004‑2017) , 2019, Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods.

[48]  Katherine Ely,et al.  A review and meta-analysis of the nomological network of trainee reactions. , 2008, The Journal of applied psychology.

[49]  Eddie W.L. Cheng,et al.  A rewiew of transfer of training studies in the past decade , 2001 .

[50]  F. Hasson,et al.  Enhancing rigour in the Delphi technique research , 2011 .

[51]  Shun‐Hsing Chen,et al.  Applications of Web‐QFD and E‐Delphi method in the higher education system , 2004 .

[52]  D. Kirkpatrick,et al.  Techniques for evaluation training programs , 1959 .

[53]  Tina Wakolbinger,et al.  Applying the Delphi method to determine best practices for outsourcing logistics in disaster relief , 2019 .

[54]  Oladele Akin‐Ogundeji,et al.  ASSURING THE QUALITY OF TRAINING THROUGH EVALUATION: A MODEL , 1991 .

[55]  Wen-Rou Huang.  Job Training Satisfaction, Job Satisfaction, and Job Performance , 2019, Career Development and Job Satisfaction.

[56]  Josée St-Pierre,et al.  The complementarity of IT and HRM capabilities for competitive performance: a configurational analysis of manufacturing and industrial service SMEs , 2018, Enterp. Inf. Syst..

[57]  R. Keers,et al.  Development of prescribing safety indicators related to mental health disorders and medications: Modified e‐Delphi study , 2020, British journal of clinical pharmacology.

[58]  David Lee Kuo Chuen.  Handbook of digital currency , 2015 .

[59]  A. C. Hamblin,et al.  Evaluation and control of training , 1974 .

[60]  Marcia J. Simmering,et al.  E-learning: emerging uses, empirical results and future directions , 2003 .

[61]  Carla Curado,et al.  Training evaluation levels and ROI: the case of a small logistics company , 2014 .

[62]  Patricia Pulliam Phillips.  Training evaluation in the public sector , 2003 .

[63]  Pilar Pineda,et al.  Evaluation of training in organisations: a proposal for an integrated model , 2010 .

[64]  Ronan Carbery,et al.  Organisational restructuring and downsizing: issues related to learning, training and employability of survivors , 2005 .

[65]  Samuel DiGangi,et al.  Assessing unidimensionality: A comparison of Rasch modeling, Parallel analysis, and TETRAD , 2007 .

[66]  Timothy J. Vogus,et al.  Structuring for High Reliability: HR Practices and Mindful Processes in Reliability-Seeking Organizations , 2003 .

[67]  A. Al-Swidi,et al.  Training transfer intention and training effectiveness: Assessing the gender differences using multi-group structural equation modelling approach , 2017 .

[68]  Naomi Birdthistle.  Training and learning strategies of family businesses: an Irish case , 2006 .

[69]  Winston Bennett,et al.  A META-ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONS AMONG TRAINING CRITERIA , 1997 .

[70]  K. A. Hanisch,et al.  Exploration of hotel managers' training evaluation practices and perceptions utilizing Kirkpatrick's and Phillips's models , 2016 .

[71]  Paul Ward,et al.  Simulation for Performance and Training. , 2006 .

[72]  Zachary M. Leffakis,et al.  HR perceptions and the provision of workforce training in an AMT environment: An empirical study , 2007 .

[73]  A. Munjal,et al.  Blockchain technology in corporate governance: disrupting chain reaction or not? , 2019, Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society.

[74]  Serkan Yalcin,et al.  Managerial training effectiveness: A meta‐analysis 1952‐2002 , 2010 .

[75]  Xin Wang,et al.  Human Resource Information Management Model based on Blockchain Technology , 2017, 2017 IEEE Symposium on Service-Oriented System Engineering (SOSE).

[76]  Harjit Singh,et al.  Blockchain in logistics industry: in fizz customer trust or not , 2020, J. Enterp. Inf. Manag..

[77]  Carla Curado,et al.  Training evaluation: a configurational analysis of success and failure of trainers and trainees , 2020 .

[78]  Janet H. Marler,et al.  Human resource management, strategic involvement and e-HRM technology , 2016 .

[79]  Tim K. Mackey,et al.  Leveraging Blockchain Technology to Enhance Supply Chain Management in Healthcare:: An exploration of challenges and opportunities in the health supply chain , 2018 .

[80]  Nitin Upadhyay,et al.  Demystifying blockchain: A critical analysis of challenges, applications and opportunities , 2020, Int. J. Inf. Manag..

[81]  Alonso Perez-Soltero,et al.  Knowledge Transfer in Training Processes: Towards an Integrative Evaluation Model , 2019 .